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Dynamics

 Dynamics is the study


of forces which causes
MOTION.

A Force is a push or a
pull.
 Metric Units are
Newtons
 English Units are ?
 How Big is a
NEWTON ?
QuickTimeª and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Forces
 Allforces act through a distance
 Some at short distances = contact forces
 Some at long distances = long range forces
The Four Forces
GravitationalForces
Electromagnetic Forces
Strong Force
Weak Force

DEB – Rank the forces from weakest to


strongest.
Galileo’s Experiment
Ball
rolling down a ramp in the diagram.
How high will it rise on the other side?
Galileo’s Experiment
Ball
rolling down a ramp in the diagram.
How high will it rise on the other side?
Galileo’s Experiment
 Ball
rolling down a ramp in the diagram.
 How high will it rise on the other side?
Newton 1642-1727
Newton was born
on Christmas
Day in 1642, the
same year that
Galileo died.
First Law
Also called
the LAW of
INERTIA

Inertiais the
property that an
object has that
causes it to resist
changes in its
position
First Law
LAW of INERTIA

Inertiais an another
word for MASS.
So the more mass
an object has, the
more inertia it has.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
A body at rest will
remain at rest…..

And A body in
motion will remain
in motion…

Unless………..
DEB – Finish the Sentence
Newton’s First Law of Motion
 The University of Nebraska Football team
can demonstrate the first law of motion
called the law of inertia. Check out their
web site.
 http://physics.unl.edu/fp_media/inertia.html
Newton 1642-1727
 Newton was asked, “Why don’t the planets
stop moving around the sun?”
 His reply, “Why should they!”
 An object at rest is the same case as an
object at constant velocity. (Only 2 types of
motion
 a or no a changing v or constant v
1 LAW Demonstrations
st

Bowling
Ball

Steel ball

A Roll of
Toilet Paper

Embroidery
Hoop
 DEB - Which is harder to start moving?
A Truck or a car?
 Why??
 DEB - Which is harder to stop moving?
A Truck or a car?
 Why??
Forces
Forces always have agents(the
immediate cause) such as
 kicking the ball, desk holding up the
book, gravity pulling the moon,
pushing the broom, pulling on the rope,
etc.
Next – SOLVING DYNAMICS
PROBLEMS
How to Draw a FREE
BODY DIAGRAM - FBD
a) sketch the situation
b) circle the system
c) identify where the system touches the
environment.
d) replace the object by a dot.
How to Draw a FREE
BODY DIAGRAM - FBD
e) represent each force by a vector with its
head in the direction of the force and
drawn to the correct scale. Note- the tail
of the force vector is always on the
particle, even if the force is a push.
f) label the force including units
N , Ff, Fsp , T, Fthrust , W
A book is at rest on the table. It's just as
unreasonable to expect the book to start
moving. A book in motion(constant velocity)
it is unreasonable to expect it to stop or change
velocity.
If the forces add to zero(no unbalanced force)
then an object in motion will remain in motion
- which means no acceleration.

3 Equivalent Statements
ΣF = 0,
a = 0,
constant velocity.
Misconceptions about
FORCES
1. Throw a ball and the forces of
the hand remain with the ball
 2. A force is needed to keep the
ball moving
 3. Inertia is a force - velocity is a
force - momentum is a force
 4. Air does not exert a force
 5. ma is a force
FBD practice
worksheet

DEB
Draw a FBD for a 2 kg book resting on a table.
FBD practice

Draw a FBD for a 2 kg book resting on a table.

N = 20 N

BOOK

W = 20 N
FBD practice

Draw a FBD for a 5 kg crate resting on the


ground. It is being pushed to the left by Sima
with a force of 20 N and Kevin is pushing it to
the right with a force of 20 N.
FBD practice

W
Newton’s 2nd Law
What will happen if one of the forces in the
FBD is bigger than the others and is not
balanced?
When an unbalanced force acts on an object,
it will accelerate in the direction of the force.
 ∑F = ma
Newton’s 2nd Law
What will happen if
one of the forces in
the FBD is bigger
than the others and is
not balanced?
When an unbalanced
force acts on an
object, it will
accelerate in the
direction of the force.
 ∑F = ma
DEB – What is the relationship
between the Force and the Acceleration
if the Mass remains constant?
DEB – If the force doubles, what
happens to the acceleration?
DEB – Sketch the graph of F vs a
Throw a ball up
DEB – Which
direction is the
net F, a, v ? TIFF
QuickTimeª and a
are (Uncompressed) decom
needed to see this pict
Throw a ball
down
QuickTimeª
TIFF and a
(Uncompressed)
DEB – Which are needed to see th
direction is the
net F, a, v ?
DEB – What is the relationship
between the Mass and the acceleration,
if F remains constant?
DEB – If the Mass doubles, what
happens to the acceleration?
DEB – Sketch the graph of M vs a
DEB – What is the relationship
between the Force and the acceleration,
if mass remains constant?
DEB – If the Force doubles, what
happens to the acceleration?
DEB – Sketch the graph of F vs a
What does the slope represent?
Double the Force, Double the acceleration
Double the Mass, Half the acceleration

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