Laser Beam in Our life

Uses and Applications

AYED BINZOWAIMIL
Department of Physics Western Illinois University

Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction Laser in Science & Industry Laser in Telecommunication Laser in Medical treatment Conclusion

Introduction
Laser beam is a powerful, narrow, monochromatic and directional beam of electromagnetic radiation. Laser beams are within the visible spectrum of light. A laser device excites the atoms in a lasing medium. The electrons of these atoms move to a higher orbit, then release photons, creating a laser beam.

Laser in Science & Industry

Lasers are used in Science and industry in a huge variety of applications. These applications are uncountable.

Laser in Science & Industry

Astronomy, Geography, and Surveying Measuring Distances with Lasers Drilling and Burning Holes with Light Welding and Cutting with Lasers Fighting Crime with Lasers

CD Players
The detection of the binary data stored on the
compact disc. It is done with the use of a semiconductor laser. Diameter of about 0.8 mm at the bottom of the disc. 1.7 micrometers passes through the clear plastic to strike the reflective layer. The reflected laser will be detected by a photodiode.

CD
DVD Blu-Ray

Structure of CD
length = 5 km . total number of pits more than 2 Billion . width of each pit = 0.6 mm. length of each pit = 0.83 to 3.05 mm. depth of each pit = 0.11 mm. distance between adjacent tracks = 1.6 mm. density of tracks = 16,000 TPI The wavelength of the Diode laser reading the CD = 780 nm. The spot size of the beam on the reflecting surface of the CD = 1 mm.

Bar code Reader

Bar code is used for identifying specific
items in many applications such as: Inventory items in a storage, market, etc. Identifying workers in registering time present . Quality control in assembly lines. Reading a bar code optically is much faster than using a keyboard and pressing a large number of times for all the numbers of the identification code.

Laser in Medical Field

Lasers in the Medical Field have found the most beneficial and useful applications in the field of medicine

Laser has established

A Revolution in medicine Field

Eye Treatment
Ruby laser was invented in 1960 and in 1961, it was used by eye doctors. It is natural that the eye was chosen to be the first organ for performing medical experiments. Since the eye is transparent to the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible range. Another natural device that helps was the lens in the eye, which focuses the electromagnetic radiation onto the retina.

Eye Treatment
Excimer laser commonly used in eye surgery and semiconductor manufacturing. Use this laser under computer control to change in the shape of the cornea. Removing sub micron layers from the cornea. Most of the problems with focusing the image on the retina can be repaired.

Cosmetic Treatment
Laser technology is being used for huge number of cosmetic treatments.
Skin Treatment Hair Removal

Dentistry

Skin Treatment
Most skin pigmentation is superficial and can be treated with the use of lasers to reduce its appearance. The methods that can be used to treat skin pigmentation will be in direct relation to its cause and severity. generally shorter-wave-length systems Q-switched 532nm Nd:YAG laser recur frequently

Freckles

Hair Removal
Ruby, alexandrite, diode, 1064nm YAG, IPL Ruby (skin types fair to medium light) Diode 810nm can treat darker skinned patients (medium light to medium dark) 1064 nm YAG safest for skin types medium dark to deep. IPL appears equally as effective in skin types medium dark to deep. IPL can be used in all skin types.

Laser Use in Dentistry

Tooth decay: Lasers are used to remove decay within a tooth and prepare the surrounding enamel for receipt of the filling. Lasers are also used to "cure" or harden a filling. Gum disease: Lasers are used to reshape gums and remove bacteria during root canal procedures.

Laser Use in Dentistry

Biopsy or lesion removal: Lasers can be used to remove a small piece of tissue. Laser are also used to remove lesions in the mouth and relieve the pain of canker sores.
Teeth whitening: Lasers are used to speed up the in-office teeth whitening procedures. A peroxide bleaching solution, applied to the tooth surface, is "activated" by laser energy, which speeds up of the whitening process.

Conclusion
In this period of time the technology has changed human life drastically. Some of the important inventions made by physicists that have changed our life are LASER, Optical fibers, X-rays.
Lasers and optical fibers have dramatically increased the capacity of the international telephone system. The new communication technology has fueled the exponential growth of the Internet. The LASER is used in the product development ( CD player, bar code scanner), medical field, industry, defense, research, cosmetic skin treatments and dentistry.

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