AC Machines

Lecturer SYARIFFUDDIN MAHMUDSYAH

1 Phase Induction Motors

At the end of this section you will be able to:
Identify the basic components of a 1 induction motor List the types of rotors used Test motor windings for suitability to connect to the supply Connect in both Clockwise and counter clockwise rotation List the steps for dismantling it

Types
Squirrel Cage
Split phase Capacitor start Capacitor start Capacitor run Permanent split phase capacitor run

Shaded Pole

Wound Rotor

Series universal
Repulsion

Construction

Construction
Run or Main Windings
1. Low resistance 2. High XL

3. Set deeper in laminations to increase XL

Start or Auxiliary Windings

1. High resistance (thinner wire) 2. Low XL (fewer turns) 3. Set shallower in laminations to limit XL

Electrical Characteristics
IRef

Run Winding
Large phase Angle due to high Inductance

IS

IR

Start Winding
Phase Angle less, as Inductance is less than run winding

Split Phase Motor

Construction
Switch opens 70 80% full load speed

Low resistance High XL

High resistance Low XL

Split Phase Motor

Construction
Low resistance

High resistance

Capacitor Start Motor Split Phase Motor

Construction

Electrical Characteristics
Capacitor Start

Torque = K IR IS sin

K = constant = Angle between IR and IS IRef

IS

Split Phase

IR

Construction

Construction

Shaded Pole

Shaded Pole

Shaded Pole

Shaded Pole

Shaded Pole

Reluctance Motor
1 Synchronous Machine Low efficiency Low torque Constant Speed Fractional sizes

Reluctance Motor
Stator
Same as: Split phase or Capacitor Start Motor

Reluctance Motor
Rotor
Same as: Squirrel cage motor BUT, with

Uneven slots cut into laminations to form Salient poles

Uneven slots assist in starting Rotor Slots generally Stator Slots

Reluctance Motor
Starting
As per induction motor with squirrel cage providing torque Centrifugal switch operating as per normal(75%) As motor is lightly loaded slip speed is small Rotor salient poles become magnetised and lock with RMF

Motor becomes Synchronous

Reluctance Motor
If rotor poles are a multiple of the stator poles Motor will operate at sub-multiples of synchronous speed

Hysteresis Motor
Rotor
Outer section made up of hardened steel

Hysteresis Motor
Rotor
Outer section made up of hardened steel

This outer section supported on the shaft by a NON-MAGNETIC Arbour

Hysteresis Motor
Rotor has a very high Hysteresis loss The rotor tends to become magnetised

A synchronous motor is born

PROBLEM
Synchronous motors have ZERO START TOURQUE!

A Shaded pole stator is used

Universal Motor
Not the same as a series DC Motor

Fields are laminated for AC current

Universal Motor

Universal Motor