TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

By: Elvin Caballero

1.History of Touch Screen Technology 2.Touch Screen Technologies 3.Commercial Applications

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History
Touch screens emerged from academic and corporate research labs in the second half of the 1960s. Historians consider the first touch screen to be a capacitive touch screen invented by E.A. Johnson at the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK, around 1965 - 1967. In 1983, the first touch screen computer, the HP-150, reached the market.

Touch Screen Technologies

1.Resistive Touch Screens 2.Capacitive Touch Screens

3.Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screens

4.Infra Red Matrix Touch Screens

Resistive Touch Screens

Resistive Surfaces (Idium-Tin-Oxide) Touch compresses and forms closed circuit Metallically-coated Insulating Space

When the screen is touched the two metal plates touch at that point and the panel behaves like a pair of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change of electrical current which is sensed as a touch event and is processed by the touch screen controller.

Resistive Touch Screens

Advantages Cost-effective solution Activated by any stylus Very accurate Low power requirements Liquids won't affect touch screen performance Disadvantages Polyester surface can be damaged Lower endurance (35 million touches)

Capacitive Touch Screens

Conductive lower coating (Indium-Tin-Oxide)

No top coating, only rigid protective cover

Finger serves as second conducting layer

When a user touches the screen with his or her bare finger or a conductive stylus, a capacitive coupling between the coating and the finger or stylus draws a small current from the screen. The controller then calculates the touch coordinates from the ratio of the four currents.

PROJECTED CAPACITANCE

Thisdifference has greater resolution and also The system between basic capacitance sensing and Bringing a finger or that the latter uses the screen projected capacitance operation. Because direct permits multi-touchis a stylus close toan etched changes layer which forms field. The capacitance conductive the electrostaticnot array. A the contact with the screen isan XYneeded,single electrode is etched or two separate perpendicular layers are etched to form change can be very be coated determined at conducting layer can accurately withto the array produces a protective parallel forming a grid. grid. Applying a voltage every point on the film or even toughened vandal proof glass. a grid of capacitors.

PROJECTED CAPACITANCE Capacitive Touch Screens

Advantages Advantages Outdoor operability - in rain, snow, ice and Scratch resistant, durable surface dust High endurance (225 million Multi-touch supports gesturingtouches) Very accurate True flat front surface possible with no bezel Good optical clarity (88+% Activated by a thin gloved hand transmissivity) Functions even if glass is scratched or Liquids broken won't affect touch screen performance Disadvantages Disadvantages Does not work with gloved thick gloved Won't recognize touch from afingers or stylus hand Doesnt work with all styli or a prosthetic hand

Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screens

The controller sends a five megahertz electrical signal to the transmitting transducer, which converts the signal into ultrasonic waves within the surface of the glass. These waves are directed across the touch screen by an array of reflectors. Reflectors on the opposite side gather and direct the waves to the receiving transducer, which convert them into an electrical signal. This process is repeated on each axis.

When you touch the screen, you absorb a portion of the waves traveling across it. The receive d signals for x and y are compared to the compared digital maps, the change is recognize, and a coordinate is calculated.

Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screens

Advantages Durable glass construction High optical clarity Activated by a finger, gloved hand, or soft tip stylus Disadvantages Moving liquids or condensation can cause false touches Solid contaminants create non-touch areas until removed Doesn't support drag or draw effectively

Infra Red Matrix Touch Screens

Placing an object, finger or stylus, on the screen Constructed using light emitting diodes interrupts the light intensity passing between LED (LEDs) on two adjacent bezels of the display Photosensor pairs, causing a measurable light and Photosensors is measurable. This enables intensity drop which placed on the opposite two touch position to be determined. the bezels to for an array.

Infra Red Matrix Touch Screens

DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES Firstly is the high cost of the technology The main feature of infrared touch screen compared to other touch screen advantage technology, which gives it an technologies. Secondly most other touch screen type of above is the performance of this technology in bright light. has a infrared touch technologies, is that it If the digital output screen is used inis no need conditions, such as signal. There very light for the additional sunlight, the photosensors to the circuit, there analog/digital converter cannot detect the light from the LEDs and causes failure in the touch is less power consumption, more accuracy screen has higher precision. and operation.

Commercial Applications
Current Uses Kiosks ATMs, Self Checkout Counters, Airport Check-in, etc. Tablet PCs Mobile Phones Handheld Gaming Consoles

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