Differentiating Kinds Of Sources

Using different sources for a project

What does that mean?

Differentiating kinds of sources is determining the distinction between any source that can be used for a writing project, using it and citing it correctly and effectively.

Main types of sources

Primary source which is the original document(s) such as; letters, books, texts, photographs, direct quotes etc., these are the strongest of evidence because they are concrete evidence. Secondary source is usually an account of past events such as; stories and pieces of literature based on the past events.

Primary Source Citing

Usually have strong evidence Usually legitimate Use other sources to support the source Use real sources

Letter or Memo
A letter or memo

In-text citation for a letter:

(Johnson 13) Works Cited list example:

Johnson, Christy. A View of Ohio by Way Of New York. Letter. New York Times 18 Dec. 2005, sec.14 (The City): 13.
In-text citation for a memo: (Cox)

Works Cited list example:

Cox, Donna H. Memo to the English/Philosophy dept. faculty, Monroe Community College, Rochester, NY. 10 Jan. 2006.

Books
Book by a single author In-text citation: (Saferstein 98) Works Cited list examples for 1st edition

Saferstein, Richard. Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.

Book by two or more Authors

In-text citation: (Desmet, Speak, and Miller 127)

Works Cited list example:

Desmet, Christy, Kathy Houff Speak, and Deborah Church Miller. Argument. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.

Film or Video Recording

in-text citation for a film:

(Troy)
Works Cited list example: Troy. Dir. Wolfgang Petersen. Perf. Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Orlando Bloom, Peter O'Toole, and Diane Kruger. Warner Bros., 2004. In-text citation for a videorecording: (The Hours) Works Cited list example:

The Hours. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Meryl Streep, Julianne Moore, and Nicole Kidman. Paramount Pictures/Miramax, 2002. DVD. Paramount Home Entertainment, 2003.

Sacred Texts
In-text citation: (Rev. 4.6-8) Works Cited list example:

The Holy Bible: King James Version. Iowa Falls, IA: World Bible Publishers, 2001.

Article in weekly or biweekly magazine

In-text citation: (Tolson 60) Works Cited list example:

Tolson, Jay. The Battle That Changed the World. U.S. News and World Report 24 Oct. 2005: 56-65.

Article in newspaper
In-text citation: (Wielaard 11A)

Works Cited list example:

Wielaard, Robert. Europe Warns Iran on Holocaust Denial. Democrat and Chronicle 16 Dec. 2005: 11A.

Unsigned Author (no author)

In-text citation: (Early Walkers 14) Works Cited list example:

Early Walkers. Archaeology Nov.-Dec. 2004: 14.

Multivolume work
In-text citation: (Campbell 1: 203) Works Cited list example:

Campbell, Joseph. The Masks of God. 4 vols. New York: Arkana, 1991.

An introduction, preface, foreword or an afterword

In-text citation: (Barrett vii)

Works Cited list example:

Barrett, Helen. Foreward. Digital Portfolios in Teacher Education. By Laurie Mullen, Jody Britten, and Joan Mc Fadden. Indianapolis: Jist Publishing, 2005. v-vii.

Online Citing
Not all works online are legitimate Make sure a source is not antiquated Check for year it was published If possible, contact author or research the author or website Do not use websites that can be altered (wikipedia) Check for strong evidence

Article in online magazine

In-text citation: (Rowe)

Works Cited list example:

Rowe, Michael. She Is No Homophobe. The Advocate 22 Nov. 2005. 19 Dec. 2005 <http://www.advocate.com/>.

An article in an online newspaper version

In-text citation: (Barnes)

Works Cited list example:

Barnes, Susan B. Podcasters Reach Out In Their Own Digital Show. Rochester Democrat and Chronicle 19 June 2005. Newsbank. MCC Libraries, Rochester, NY. 19 Dec. 2005 <http://www.newsbank.com/>.

A work from a library subscription service

In-text citation: (Wills et al.) Works Cited list example: Wills, Wendy, et al. Young Teenagers' Perceptions of Their Own and Others' Bodies: A Qualitative Study of Obese, Overweight and Normal Weight' Young People in Scotland. Science and Medicine 62.2 (2005): 396-406. ScienceDirect. Elsevier. MCC Libraries, Rochester, NY. 19 Dec. 2005 <http://www.sciencedirect.com>.

An e-mail communication
In-text citation: (DiSano)

Works Cited list example:

DiSano, Mary. Re. The New Guide to Writing Research Papers. E-mail to Stasia Callan and Ann Penwarden. 1 Feb. 2006.

Website
In-text citation: ("Early Childhood Educational Issues")

Works Cited list example:

Early Childhood Educational Issues. National Association for the Education of the Young Children. 22 May 2006<http://www.naeyc.org/ece/>.

Concluding
Most citations have the same components Usually order is the factor All online sources require web sites when citing Make sure the sources are STRONG Dont be scared to email author if possible If not familiar with author research her or him The more places the information is seen the better chances the source and information is correct

Bibliography
Types of Primary Sources. 1999 - 2012, Peter Pappas. http://bit.ly/sividG IV. Modern Language Association (MLA) Style. August 2006. Copyright Monroe Community College. http://bit.ly/sQ6AeW Justins Wall. Facebook 2011 <http://on.fb.me/u0XPwQ>