Review of Last Class

Introduction HVDC Advantages Disadvantages: Cost, Harmonics, Reactive power, Point to point access, Overload conditions

Types of HVDC links

Monopolar Bipolar Homopolar

Components of HVDC System

Introduction

First HVDC Commercial System (1954): 100 kV, 20 MW, Mainland of Sweden to island of Gotland, Monopolar, Cable system. Mercury arc technology 1972 onwards all the HVDC system use thyristor valves The Biggest HVDC System: 300 kV, 6300 MW, ITAIPU Brazil.

Highest rating of device: 5 kV, 3 kA (now 10 kV, 4kA)

In India: Sileru-Barsoor Rihand-Delhi Talcher-Kolar 200 kV 500 kV 500 kV 400 MW 1500 MW 2000 MW 196 km 814 km 1397 km 1989 1990 2003

Types of HVDC links

Monopolar link

Only one energized conductor normally of negative polarity Earth or sea water used as return path In the case of fault complete shutdown of the system

Types of HVDC links

Bipolar link

Two conductors with polarities (+ve and -ve) represented as Neutral points (junction between convertors) are grounded Normal operation no current through the earth If there is fault on one conductor other conductor can be used with half of the rating

Structure of HVDC System

Homopolar link

Two or more conductor with same polarity (generally -ve) Operates earth as return If there is fault on one conductor other conductor can be used with half of the rating

Components in HVDC Transmission

Convertors Convertor transformer Smoothing reactor AC (Harmonic) filter Overhead lines Reactive power source

Earth electrode
DC Filters Circuit Breakers

Basics of Convertor

Thyristor

Terms used in Convertor analysis

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Convertor Operation
5&6| 6&1 | 1&2 | 2&3 | 3&4 | 4&5 | 5&6 | 6&1 |

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Current and Voltage in Convertors

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Effect of Firing Angle on Voltage Output

=0 150 90 30

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Convertor Operation

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Convertor Analysis