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Pengantar Basis Data

Paramita Mayadewi S.Kom,M.T 2010
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Aturan Perkuliahan

Toleransi keterlambatan 10 menit dari kehadiran dosen penilaian :

Quiz Tugas UTS UAS

Komponen

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Buku Referensi
Database Database

Systems by CJ Date

System Concepts by Silberchatz Korth and Sudarshan of Relational Database Management System by Springer

Fundamental

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Materi Perkuliahan
Pengantar Database Aljabar SQL

Database

models (ERD) dan Normalisasi Relasional Programming : pmayadewi@yahoo.com

eMail
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HP

: 081321659546

Database ?
Kumpulan

informasi yang ada/disimpan dalam komputer

Oxford English Dictionary

Satu

atau lebih kumpulan data terstruktur, yang biasanya berhubungan dengan perangkat lunak untuk meng-update dan query data

Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing

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Data? Ada dimana?

Data adalah informasi faktual tentang obyek dan konsep-konsep, seperti:

Statistik

Terdapat di:
filing cabinets spreadsheets folders ledgers lists

colleagues memories 4/30/12

Mengelola Informasi ?
Membuat Membuat

informasi yang berguna

informasi mudah diakses dan terintegrasi dengan seluruh pekerjaan

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Contoh Database

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Tabel Produk

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Databases

Library catalogues Medical records Bank accounts Stock market data Personnel systems Product catalogues Telephone directories

Train timetables Airline bookings Credit card details Student records Customer histories Stock market prices Discussion boards and so on

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Why Study Databases?

Database berguna: Banyak aplikasi komputasi yang dengan sejumlah besar informasi Database systems give a set of tools for storing, searching and managing this information

Databases for you Databases are a core topic in computer science and IT Basic concepts and skills with database systems are part of the skill set you will be assumed to have as IT graduate

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File Based Systems

File based systems Data is stored in files Each file has a specific format Programs that use these files depend on knowledge about that format

Problems: No standards Data duplication No way to generate complex queries No provision for concurrency, security, recovery, etc.

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Database Management Systems

A database is a collection of information A database management system (DBMS) is the software than controls that information

Examples: Oracle DB2 (IBM) MS SQL Server MS Access Ingres PostgreSQL MySQL

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What the DBMS does

Provides

users

Allows

with Data definition language (DDL) Data manipulation language (DML) Data control language (DCL) Often these are all 4/30/12 the same

users to Store Update Retrieve Organise Protect their data.

ANSI/SPARC Architecture
ANSI - American National Standards Institute SPARC - Standards Planning and Requirements Committee Proposed a framework for DBs in 1975

A three-level architecture Internal level: For systems designers Conceptual level: For database designers and administrators External level: For database users

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ANSI/SPARC Architecture
User 1 External Schemas External/Conceptual Mappings Conceptual Schema Conceptual/Internal Mapping Internal Schema Stored Data External View 1 User 2 User 3 External View 2

Conceptual View

DBA

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Conceptual Level
Deals

with the organisation of the entire database content Abstractions are used to remove unnecessary details of the internal level Used by DBAs and application programmers

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External Level

Provides a view of the database tailored to a user Parts of the data may be hidden Used by end users and application programmers

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Internal Level

Deals with physical storage of data Structure of records on disk files, pages, blocks Indexes and ordering of records Used by database system programmers

Internal Schema
e.g., RECORD EMP LENGTH=44 HEADER: BYTE(5) OFFSET=0 NAME: BYTE(25) OFFSET=5 SALARY: FULLWORD OFFSET=30 DEPT: BYTE(10) OFFSET=34

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Mappings
Mappings translate information from one level to the next External/Concept ual Conceptual/Inter nal These mappings provide some data independence

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Logical data independence Conceptual level changes shouldnt affect all external levels Physical data independence Changes to internal level shouldnt affect conceptual level

Database Users
Database

systems programmer Writes the database software itself Database Administrator (DBA) Designs & manages the database system
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End

users Use the database system to achieve some goal Application developers Write software to allow end users to interface with the database