UNDERSTANDING MEDICINE

A medicine is used to prevent or cure disease or to relieve pain. Medicine can be classified into traditional and modern medicines.

TYPES OF MEDICINE

TRADITIONAL

MODERN

1. Derived from plants and animals without involvement of chemical substances in chemical reactions. 2. Traditional medicines usually not processed.

1. Made by scientists in laboratories based on substances found in nature 2. Come in many forms : liquids, powders, capsules and tablets. 3. Many types of modern medicine 4. Side effect

Medicines derived from plants, animals and minerals without involvement of chemical substances in chemical reactions

Click each picture below to watch videos on traditional medicine topic

ALOE VERA 1. To treat skin wounds 2. Ease pain, reduce inflammation, speed up healing recovery process

Ocimum basilicum (selasih) To treat cough, colds and bronchitis

Andrographis paniculata (hempedu bumi)

To treat diarrhoea, fever and diabetes

Orthosiphon aristatus(misai kucing) To treat gout, diabetes and rheumatism

Eurycoma longifolia(tongkat ali) 1. To increase male libido 2. As a tonic for women who just gave birth 3. To lessen stomach pain 4. Acts as healtiness drink

Orthosiphon aristatus(misai kucing) To treat depression and for longevity

Animals that are claimed to have medicinal properties Medicinal animal

Sea cucumber (gamat)

function To treat Japanese encephalitis and hole in the heart To treat lockjaw and convulsions To treat hepatitis B

Centipede Ant

Sea cucumber (gamat) Centipede

Ant

MODERN MEDICINE

ANALGESICS

ANTIBIOTICS

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Analgesics used to relieve pain without causing numbness or affecting consciousness. It not treat the cause of the pain but provide enough relief to carry out daily routines.

Used to kill or slow down the growth of bacteria. They will not cure infections caused by viruses such as flu. Obtain from microorganism such as bacteria.

Used to alter abnormal thinking, feelings or behaviours. Reduce many of the symptoms of mental illness and help a person to get on with life

ANALGESICS

ANALGESICS
ASPIRIN
Used for pain relief where inflammation involved (e.g arthritic pain and dental pain. Acidic in nature. Cannot be given to children.

PARACETAMOL

Taken to relieve mild to moderate pain (e.g headache, muscle and joint pains, backache and period pains. Can be given to children.

CODEINE

Used in headache tablets and in cough medicines. Synthesised from morphine. Abuse may lead to addiction, depression and nausea.

SIDE EFFECTS

Paracetamol : Causes skin rashes, blood disorder and acute inflammation of pancreas when taken for a long time. Overdoseliver damage Aspirin : give to children with chicken poxbrain and liver damage. Can cause internal bleeding and ulceration on stomach wall.

ANTIBIOTICS

Streptomycin

ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillin

Extracted from fungus penicillium notatum. Used to cure bacterial diseases (e.g tuberculosis TB and pneumonia).

Streptomycin

Antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of genus (Streptomyces). Used to treat TB, whooping cough and some form of pneumonia.

Important note

Penicillin and streptomycin are taken by injection (because acid in stomach broken down these medicine). Patient must take all antibiotics according to doctor prescription(to make sure all bacteria is killed).

Side effects

Headache, allergic reaction and diarrhea

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Stimulant

Antidepressant

Antipsychotic

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC
Psychotherapeutic medicine Stimulant Function Example Side effects
High dose/excess used over long periods lead to anxiety, hallucinations, depression and psychological dependence. Cause drowsiness, lead to respiratory difficulties, sleeplessness, coma,death. Cause addiction. People who rely on barbiturates because of insomnia sometimes kill themselves accidently by taking overdose.

To reduce fatigue Methylphenidate, and elevate Amphetamine, mood Dextroamphetami ne. Tranquilisers

Antidepressant

Reduce tension and anxiety

Barbiturates

Antipsychotic

To treat psychiatric illness such as schizophrenia

Chloropromazine, haloperidol and clozapine

Cause drowsiness, rapid heartbeat, dizziness.

TO BEGIN THE EXERCISES ON THIS SUBTOPIC,