A Presentation on

BHARTI AIRTELS GSM TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:VINEET VIDYARTHI 8325 E.C.E-2

An OVERVIEW
COMPANY PROFILE HISTORY OF GSM GSM ARCHITECTURE GSM FREQUENCY SERVICES PROVIDED BY GSM FUTURE OF GSM

About The COMPANY

Bharti Airtel isone of Indias leading providers of telecommunication services with a nationwide presence in all the 23 licensed jurisdictions (also known as Telecom Circles). It serves an aggregate of 88,270,194 customers as of December 31, 2008; of who 85,650,733 subscribe to our GSM services and 2,619,461 use its Telemedia Services either for voice and/or broadband access delivered through DSL. It is the largest wireless service provider in the country, based on the number of subscribers as of December 31, 2008. It also offers an integrated suite of telecom solutions to its enterprise customers, in addition to providing long distance connectivity both nationally and internationally.

MOBILITY- The Magic Word

What is Mobility ?
Access the Technology everywhere whether we are work or play, in the office, grounds or at home. To meet this demand the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) for mobile telephony was introduced in the mid-1980s. A boom is underway, such that many GSM user find life without their phone practically inconceivable.

HISTORY OF GSM
What ?
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications Formerly: Group Special Mobile

When ?
1982: GSM created to set standard. 1988: Industrial development started. 1991: First Systems Deployed.

Why ?
Higher digital voice quality. Low cost alternatives to making calls such as SMS. Ability to deploy equipment from different vendors. GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services.

GENERATIONS

1G : Analog with limited network services

and no roaming facility. 2G : Significant advancements to the mobile technology in terms of service sophistication, capacity and quality as they made the communication system digital. 2.5G : IN features, SMS are some of the features. 3G : Allow communication, information and entertainment services to be delivered via wireless terminals.

AREA COVERED UNDER GSM

GSM Architecture

System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS): Base Station Subsystem (BSS): Network Subsystem:
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Mobile Station (MS)

The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: Mobile Equipment (ME)
The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to access the network . o Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
o

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) o Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services o Protected by a password or PIN
o o

Base Station Subsystem

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts :
1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 2) Base Station Controller (BSC)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station

 Base Station Controller (BSC)

Manages Resources for BTS Handles call set up Location update Handover for each MS

Network Subsystem
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) Major MSC Functions :

Switching and call routing Charging Service provisioning Communication with HLR Communication with the VLR Communication with other MSCs Control of connected BSCs Direct access to Internet services
Home Location Registers (HLR) : Contains administrative information of each subscriber Most important database

Visitor Location Registers (VLR) - Integrated with MSC o tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to receive a call o periodically updates the database on which phones are turned on and ready to receive calls Authentication Center (AUC) o mainly used for security o data storage location and functional part of the network o Ki is the primary element Equipment Identity Register (EIR) - Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI ,Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List o Optional database

Frequency allocation for GSM system: Two frequency bands, of 25 MHz each one, have been allocated for the GSM system: 1.the band 890-915MHz has been allocated for uplink direction. 2.the band 935-960MHz has been allocate for down link direction.

GSM FREQUENCY
GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890915 MHz for receive and between 935-960 MHz for transmit. RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124 carriers for use. An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each direction. Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 45 MHz.
UPLINK FREQUENCIES

Downlink

Uplink

DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES

890

915

935

960

UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPARATED BY 45MHZ

Services Provided by GSM

Supplementary services
Call forwarding Barring of Outgoing Calls Barring of Incoming Calls Advice of Charge (AoC) Call Hold Call Waiting Multiparty Service Calling Line Identification Presentation/Restriction Closed User Group (CUG)

A Cell
A cell is the geographic zone covered by one radio transmitter and receiver

2 7 1 6
5 4

7 3 6 5
Cell 1

Cell 2

GSM Channels

FUTURE OF GSM