AMARAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIN

AND TECHNOLOGY
Neural Networks
Face Recognition Using
Back propagation
&
Radial Basis Function
Vijay Rajkumar.C
Saravana Babu Doss.
10/23/08 1
 Introduction
 Proposed method
 Implementation
 Back propagation
 Radial basis function network
 Results
 Conclusion and future work

10/23/08 2
 Implementation of face recognition using neural
network
 Three parts - pre-processing, multi scale feature
extraction, face classification
 Basic idea - constructing facial features from multi-
scale image patches.
 Tested on FERET face data base for 500 images of
100 subjects
 Recognition rate - 99%

10/23/08 3
 Basic steps for face
recognition
Input face image

Face detection

Face feature Face

extraction recognitio
n
Face
database Feature Matching Decision maker

Output result
10/23/08 4
 Face is normalized and
pre processed

Feature extraction

LPF

Multi Scaling Different Features

Eyes Nose Mouth Remaining

10/23/08 Single Image Vector 5

 Hidden Layer Output
Input (40)
(90)
(336)
10/23/08 6
Face image is normalized and pre-processed.

 The size of left eye and right eye is estimated.

 LPF is applied to the whole image.

 Nose patch and Mouth patch is cropped.

 Resolution of nose is reduced to half and quarter for

mouth.

Resolution of remaining portion is reduced to 1/8.

Single image vector of dimension N × 1 is obtained.

10/23/08 7
  An artificial neural network.

 RBF is a real- valued function whose

value depends only on the distance from
the origin.

 More accurate than BP.

Advantage:
• Less susceptible to phase distortion.
• Learn rate and tolerance for errors.

10/23/08 8
 
 Experiments are done on FERET face image database.

 The images are acquired under variable illumination,

facial expressions, with and without specks during different
photo sessions and sizes of the face also vary.

We have created the database of total 500 frontal images

i.e. for 100 subjects each with 5 variations. Out of 500
images 300 (each subject with 3 variations for 100 subjects)
are chosen randomly for training and remaining 200 (each
subject with 2 variation for 100 subjects) are kept aside for
testing.
10/23/08 9
 Ferret images

10/23/08 10
 Example of using Neural Network

10/23/08 11
 Type of Network vs. Recognition rate

(Resolution of eye 1:1,Nose 1:2, mouth 1:4, remaining 1:8)

TYPES OF NETWORK % RECOGNITION

Multilayer Network 96
(Back Propagation)

Radial Basis Function 99

10/23/08 12
Resolution ratio vs. recognition rate for MLN without change in facial expressio

Left Right Nose Mouth remainin %

eye eye g reco
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 g
96
1:2 1:2 1:8 1:8 1:16 86

Resolution ratio vs. recognition rate for RBF without change in facial expressio

Left Right Nose Mouth Remainin %

eye eye g reco
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 g
99
1:2 1:2 1:8 1:8 1:16 88
10/23/08 13
Resolution ratio vs. recognition rate for MLN with variation in facial expressio

Left Right Nose Mouth remainin %

eye eye g reco
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 g
95
1:2 1:2 1:8 1:8 1:16 82

Resolution ratio vs. recognition rate for RBF with variation in facial expression

Left Right Nose Mouth Remainin %

eye eye g reco
1:1 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 g
94
1:2 1:2 1:8 1:8 1:16 81
10/23/08 14
 % Recognition vs. Number of faces

Resolution of eyes 1:1, nose 1:2 mouth 1:4, remaining 1:

Subjects Number of MLN (Back Radial
faces Propagatio basis
10 50 n)
91 92
20 100 92 94
30 150 93 95
40 200 95 98
50 250 96 98
100 500 96 99

10/23/08 15
 I

The proposed methodology extracts face features by

combining the human knowledge about the discriminating
features in human face and the statistical results drawn from
the training data.

The experiments on the large face data base has consistent

accuracy improvement for different resolution of face
features and different neural networks.

Further research is to find the connection between the

visual similarity/differences of two persons when viewed
holistically and component wise.
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