DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Dr. BYRI PRABHAKAR
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : D.C.C.P.
Institution : SRRS Govt. Polytechnic, Sircilla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Quantitative techniques II
Subject Code : CCP-403
Topic : Progressions
Sub Topic : Arithmetic Progressions
Duration : 50 Mins.
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations, Diagrams
CCP403.59 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

 Understand the Progressions
 Calculate the Arithmetic Progression

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 Progressions

The study of progressions is started with the study of

Natural Numbers
Observe the following :
 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …….
 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ……..
 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …….
In the above examples, the numbers are arranged in a
definite order

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Progressions contd

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …….
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ……..
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …….

 In the first and second example, every term is got

by adding 2 to the preceding term
 In the 3rd example, every term is 4 more than the
preceding term

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Progressions contd

The terms are generally denoted by

t1 (first term)
t2 (second term)
t3 (third term)
The common difference between two consecutive
terms is denoted by ‘d’
d = t2 - t1 or t3 - t2 or t4 - t3

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Progressions contd

In the first example, we note that

t1 = 1; t2 = 3; t3 = 5; t4 = 7 and so on

and the common difference d = 2

i.e. d = t2 - t1 or t3 - t2 or t4 - t 3

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 Progressions contd
t1 = 1;
t2 = 3; i.e. t1 + 2
t3 = 5; i.e. t2 + 2
t4 = 7 i.e. t3 + 2

 It can be observed that every term is obtained by

adding a fixed number (here it is 2) to the previous
Term
 Such sequences are called Arithmetic
Progressions

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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS(AP)

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Definition :

 An Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a series whose

terms increase or decrease by a fixed number
Ex: a) 1, 4, 7, 10,….. B) 10, 7, 4, 1, -2, -5, ….

 AP is a sequence in which each term, except the

first, is obtained by adding a fixed no. to the
preceding no.

CCP403.59 9
Arithmetic Progression contd

Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common

difference, then the series would be
a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, ……a+(n-1)d
first term t1 = a
t2 = a+d i.e. a + (2-1)d
t3 = a + 2d i.e. a + (3-1)d
t4 = a + 3d i.e. a + (4-1)d then
nth term tn = a + (n-1)d
If tn is the last term then l = a+ (n-1)d

CCP403.59 10
Arithmetic Progression contd

Example 1:

Find the 7th term of the series 1,4,7,10,……

Solution to Ex. 1
First term a = 1
Common difference (d) = t2 - t1 = 4 – 1 = 3

nth term tn = a + (n-1) d

Therefore 7th term t7 = a+(7-1)d = a + 6d

= 1 + 6x3
= 19
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Example 2
The 2nd term of a series is 6 and 5th term is 15.
Find the 20th term

Solution to Ex. 2
t2 = a + d = 6
t5 = a + 4d = 15
t5 – t2 = (a+4d) – (a+d) = 15-6 = 9
3d = 9 , so d = 3
t2 = a+d = 6 i.e. a+3 = 6 a = 3

nth term tn = a + (n-1) d

Therefore t20 = a + (20-1)d = a+19d
= 3 + 19*3 = 60
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 Example 3
What term of the sequence 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 is 99

Solution to Ex. 3
a= 9
d = t2-t1 = 11-9 = 2

nth term tn = a + (n-1) d

tn = 99 is given

Therefore 99 = a + (n-1)d = 9+(n-1)2

= 9 + 2n – 2 = 2n+7= 99
2n = 99 - 7 = 92
n = 92/2 = 46

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Example 4
If the last term of the series 2x, 5x/3, 4x/3 is zero.
Find the number of terms.

Solution to Ex. 4
a = 2x
d = t2 – t1 = 5x/3 – 2x = -x/3

nth term tn = a + (n-1) d

The last term is given as ‘0’
i.e. 0 = 2x + (n-1)(-x/3)
= 2x – nx/3 + x/3 = (7x – nx) / 3
nx = 7x
Therefore n = 7x/x = 7
The seventh term in the series would be zero
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Properties of A.P.
 If a fixed real no. is added to each term of an AP
then the resulting series is also an AP
ex: 1, 3, 5, 7,
1+5, 3+5, 5+5, 7+5 i.e. 6,8,10,12 is also AP

 If every term of an AP is multiplied by a fixed real

no., then the resulting series is also an AP
ex: 1, 3, 5, 7,
1x2, 3x2, 5x2, 7x2 I.e. 2, 6, 10, 14 is also AP
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Summary

So far we have discussed the following

 Arithmetic Progressions
 Able to solve the problems in AP

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 Quiz
1) The series whose terms increase or decrease
by a fixed no. is called

b) Geometric Progression
c) Arithmetic Progression
d) Harmonic Progression
e) None of the above

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Quiz

2) To find out the ’nth’ term in AP , the following is the

Formula
a) a+ (n-1)d
b) a-d
c) a+d
d) a+5d

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Frequently Asked Questions

 Define the Arithmetic Progression

 The 4th term of a AP is 42 and 14th term is 162
find the 20th term
 The 3rd term in an AP is 14 and 6th term is 23 Find
the 12 term

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Assignment
 Find the 26th Term of 2,5,8,11
 Which Term of the Series 5,10,15 is 75

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