DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Dr. BYRI PRABHAKAR
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : D.C.C.P.
Institution : SRRS Govt. Polytechnic, Sircilla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES II
Subject Code : CCP-403
Topic : PROGRESSIONS
Sub Topic : RECAP OF PROGRESSIONS
Duration : 50 Mins.
Teaching Aids : PPP, ANIMATIONS

CCP403.65 1
 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be

able to

 Recapitulate the progressions

 Solve the problems of progressions

CCP403.65 2
Recap
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

 An Arithmetic progression is a series whose terms

increase or decrease by a fixed number

 Arithmetic progression is a sequence in which each

term, except the first, is obtained by adding a fixed
no. to the preceding number

 nth term of A.P. i.e. tn = a + (n-1)d

where ‘a’ is the first term
‘d’ is the common difference
CCP403.65 3
Recap
To find sum to n terms of an AP
Sn = n/2[2a + (n-1)d]
 Arithmetic Mean of a, b = (a+b)/2

 Sum of the first ‘n’ natural numbers is ∑n

 ∑n = 1+2+3+4.. = n(n+1)/2

n(n+1)(2n+1)
 ∑n = 1 +2 +3 +4 …. =
2 2 2 2 2
6
n2 (n  1)2
 ∑n3 = 13+23+33+43 …. = 4

CCP403.65 4
Recap
Properties of Arithmetic Progression

 If a fixed real number is added to each term of an

AP then the resulting series is also an AP

 If every term of an AP is multiplied by a fixed real

number, then the resulting series is also an AP

CCP403.65 5
Recap
Geometric Progression

 The GP is a series which starts with a non zero no.

and progresses with preceding no. multiplied by a
fixed non zero no

 The nth term of a GP is arn-1

 To sum ‘n’ terms of a GP Sn = a(1-rn)/(1-r) if r<1

or
= a(rn-1)/(r-1) if r>1

CCP403.65 6
Recap

Sn = (a – lr)/(1-r) or
n 1
= (lr –a)/(r-1) where l = ar

 Sum of Infinite GP = a / 1-r

 ab 
 The Geometric Mean of a, b =

CCP403.65 7
Recap
Properties of GP

 If every term of a GP is multiplied by a fixed real

number, then the resulting series is also a GP

 If every term of a GP is raised to the same power,

then the resulting series is also a GP

 The reciprocals of the terms of a GP are also in

GP

CCP403.65 8
Recap
Harmonic Progression:
 A progression is said to be Harmonic Progression,
if the reciprocals of these terms are in Arithmetic
Progression
1
 The nth term of HP is = a  (n  1)d

 There is no formula to find the sum of the first ‘n’

terms of the HP

CCP403.65 9
Recap
 The Harmonic Mean of a and c = 2ac
(c+a)
 If a and b are positive integers, their
AM,GM,HM are in Geometric Progression

i.e. G2 = A x H where G = G.M.

A = A.M.
H = H.M.

CCP403.65 10
Example1:
Find the sum to ‘n’ terms of the series
1x3 + 2x5 + 3x7 + …….
Solution to Ex.1

 The series is in the form of

 1x(2x1+1) + 2x(2x2+1) + 3x(2x3+1) + ….
 The nth term = n(2n + 1) = 2n2 + n

 Sum to n term Sn = 2∑n2 + ∑n

CCP403.65 11
 Solution Contd

 ∑n2 = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 and ∑n = n(n+1)/2

 ... Sn = n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)

2x 
6 2

2n(n  1)(2n  1)  3n(n  1)

 i.e. =
6

 = n(n+1)(4n+5) /6

CCP403.65 12
 Example 2:

A polygon has 25 sides, the length of which starting

from the smallest side are in AP. If the perimeter of
the Polygon is 2100 m and the length of the largest
side is 20 times that of the smallest, find the length of
the smallest side and the common difference of the
AP.

CCP403.65 13
Solution to Ex. 2
Let the smallest side is ‘a’ and
the common difference is ‘d’

The 25th side i.e. longest side = a+24d

Given n = 25
ax20 = a+ 24d ……………(1)
Sn = 2100

CCP403.65 14
 Solution contd

 From (1) we get the d = 19a/24

 Sn = 2100 = n/2[2a+(n-1)d]
 i.e. 25/2[2a + 24x19a/24] = 25/2(21a) = 2100

 a = (2100x2)/(25x21) = 8 m
 ... d = 19a/24 = 19/3 = 6 1/3 m

CCP403.65 15
 Example3:

Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in AP. If 1,3 and

9 are added to them respectively, the resulting
number are in GP. Determine the numbers.

Solution to Ex. 3

 Let the three numbers are a-d, a, a+d

 ... The sum = a-d + a + a+d = 3a = 15
 ... a = 5

CCP403.65 16
 Solution contd

 Given that 1,3, 9 are added to them, they are in GP

 i.e. a-d+1, a+3, a+d+9 are in GP

 i.e. 6-d, 8, 14+d are in GP

8/(6-d) = (14+d)/8

 i.e. (6-d)(14+d) = 64
 84 – 14d + 6d –d2 = 64
 d2+8d-20 = 0 (Factorizing)

CCP403.65 17
Solution contd

 d2 + 10d – 2d – 20 = 0
 i.e. d(d+10) – 2(d+10) = 0 i.e. (d-2)(d+10) = 0
 ... d = 2 or -10

 If d = 2 the three values are 3 , 5 , 7

 If d = -10 the three values are 15, 5, -5

CCP403.65 18
 Example 4

Find the sum to n terms of 11 + 102 + 1003 +

10004 + …..
Solution to Ex. 4

 The series is 10+1 + 102+2 + 103+3 + 104+4 ….

 Sn = (10+ 102 + 103 + 104 +….10n) + (1+2+3+4+…n)

 This is the combination of Two series i.e.

the first series in GP and the second series in AP

CCP403.65 19
Solution contd

Sn = a(rn-1)/(r-1) + n(n+1)/2

10(10n  1) n(n  1)
=

10  1 2

i.e. = 10/9 (10n-1) + n(n+1)/2

CCP403.65 20
Example 5

The Arithmetic mean of 2 numbers is 17 and their

Geometric Mean is 4. Find the Harmonic Mean.

Solution to Ex. 5

 The relationship between AM, GM and HM

= G2 = A X H
i.e. 42 = 17 x H

... H = 16/17

CCP403.65 21
Summary

In to-day’s period

 We recapitulated the progressions

 Solved different problems on progressions

CCP403.65 22
Quiz

Q1: If a,b,c, are in A.P., then 2b =

a) (a+c)
b) (a-c)
c) √ac
d) ac

CCP403.65 23
Quiz

Q2: The Geometric mean of 4, 9 is

a) 13
b) 6.5
c) 36
d) 6

CCP403.65 24
 Quiz

Q3: If 3,2, x are in Harmonic Progression,

then x =

a) 6
b) 2/3
c) 1
d) 3/2

CCP403.65 25
Assignment

1. Find the 17th term of 2, 5, 8, …..

3. The sum of how many terms of the series

1+3+9+27+… will be 9841

5. If the third and seventh terms of a H.P. are 1/7,

1/15. Find the twenty first term of the series

CCP403.65 26
 Frequently Asked Question

 If in an A.P 3rd term is 18 and 7th term is 30, find

the 20th term of A.P. also find the sum of first 20
terms (12 marks , c0-5,March 2008)

 Find the sum of the integers from 1 to 500 that are

divisible by 5 (6 marks, c-00,Nov 2006)

CCP403.65 27