Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh

NAME : G.SHASHIKALA
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DECE
Institute : GPW, SURYAPET
Year/semester : 1st year
Subject : Electronic Components & Devices
Subject Code : EC-105
Major Topic : Inductors and Transformers
Duration : 50Minutes
Sub Topic : e.m.f equation of a Transformer
Teaching Aids : PPT AND DIAGRAMS
EC105.51 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to Know

• e.m.f equation of transformer.

EC105.51 2
Recap
1. On which principle does a transformer work?

Ans: Electromagnetic induction.

2. Give an expression for induced emf in a coil of N

number of turns.

Ans: e= -N d where
dt

dø =Rate of change of the flux in the Weber/sec.

dt

EC105.51 3
e.m.f equation of transformer

E1 N1 N2 E2

Figure-1

EC105.51 4
e.m.f equation of transformer explanation

• When alternating supply is given to the primary winding it

producers an alternating flux in the core material.

• It links with the secondary coil.

• In accordance with the Faraday’s laws of electro

magnetic induction an e.m.f is induced in it.

EC105.51 5
Let

Ø is the flux produced in the core due to primary winding.

Øm is the maximum flux in the core .

Øm = B m A

EC105.51 6
N1 is the number of primary turns

N2 is the number of secondary turns

f is the supply frequency ( Hz)

E1 is the r.m.s value of primary induced e.m.f

E2 is the r.m.s value of secondary induced e.m.f

EC105.51 7
 Figure-2

Flux increases from it’s zero to maximum value

Øm is one quarter of the cycle i.e in 1/4f seconds

Then maximum flux occurs at f/4 seconds

we know from Faraday’s laws of electro magnetic

Induction the e.m.f induced is directly proportional to the

rate of change of flux

EC105.51 8
Therefore average rate of change of flux
dØ/dt = maximum flux /time of occurrence
= Øm /1/4f = 4 f Øm
average e.m.f / turn = 4 f Øm
if flux is sinusoidal, then
r.m.s value of induced e.m.f = r.m.s value of e.m.f/turn
= average value X form
factor
= 4 f Øm X 1.11
= 4.44 f Øm
EC105.51 9
Induced e.m.f in primary for N1 number of turns (E1 )
E1 = 4.44 N1 f Øm
but Øm = Bm A
therefore E1= 4.44 N1 f Bm A
Induced e.m.f in secondary for N2 number of turns (E2)
E2= 4.44 N2f Bm A

for ideal transformer V1= E1

V2 = E 2

EC105.51 10
Summary

We have discussed about

• e.m.f equation of transformer.

EC105.51 11
Quiz

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1) The primary and secondary windings of an
ordinary two winding transformer always have

a) different number of turns

b) Same size of copper wire

c) a common magnetic circuit

d) Separate magnetic circuit

EC105.51 13
2) An open primary in a transformer results in

a) excess current in secondary

c) excess induced voltage in secondary

e) no induced voltage in secondary

g) No current in secondary

EC105.51 14
Frequently asked question

1. Explain the working principle of a transformer with

neat Sketch. [March 07]

EC105.51 15