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EC 303.4 2
RECAP
Capacitance:
Capacitor:
EC 303.4 3
Capacitor under DC excitation
Fig 1
EC 303.4 4
• Let VC be the voltage developed across the capacitor as a
therefore q = VC
or q = CVC
• capacitance is defined to the ratio of the charge stored by a
EC 303.4 5
V-I Relations of capacitor:
We have
dq
q
i= or dt
t
We know that q = CVc
d (CVC)
i=
dt
By integrating we have
Vc=
1
C ∫ i dt
EC 303.4 6
AC through Pure Capacitance
v(f) = VM sin ωt
EC 303.4 7
AC through Pure Capacitance
Ic
Ic
~ V
+ V
EC 303.4 8
The v-I relation for capacitance
i = C ( dVC / dt )
but v(t) = Vm sin ωt = VC
i = C ( d / dt ) Vm sin ωt
i = C Vm ω cos ωt
i = Im sin (ωt + 900 )
Where Im = Vm / XC
Where XC = Reactance of the capacitance
= 1/ ωC
XC = 1/ ωC Ω
EC 303.4 9
The current leads the voltage by 900 .
The current wave form starts earlier by 900 in comparison with
voltage waveform
Current
Voltage
900
EC 303.4 10
Concept of capacitive reactance
Im = Vm / ( 1 / ωC )
Therefore I = V / ( 1/ ωC )
Where I = Im / √2
V = Vm / √2
I = V / XC
P = (VmIm / 2 ) sin 2θ
Total power
2π
Vm Im
P= ∫ 0 2 Sin 2θ dθ
=0
EC 303.4 14
Quiz
(a) 0
(b) ∞
(c) Constant
(d) None
EC 303.4 16
3.The AC voltage across a 0.5 micro Farad
capacitor is v(t) =16 sin(2x103t)v then capacitive
reactance of capacitor is
(a) 1k Ohms
(b) 1 Ohms
(c) 1M Ohms
• Define capacitance?
EC 303.4 18