Involves the provIsIon of nursIng care for

patIent wIth acute InjurIes or lIfe threatenIng

Illnesses.
Usually, care Is provIded at E0, Urgent
care, Trauma unIt and/or CU/CCU

PEmeryency nurse
PspecIalIzed educatIon, traInIng and experIence
to assess and IdentIfy px health care problems
In crIsIs
PEstablIshes prIorItIes, monItors and assesses pxs
PSupport and attentIon to famIlIes
PSupervIsIon allIed health personnel
PTeachIng role to patIents and famIlIes

PursIng assessment - contInuous
PursIng dIagnoses - change w/ px's condItIon
PursIng InterventIons accomplIshed
Interdependently In consultatIon wIth |0s

P|ay perform beyond hIs expertIse
Ie nsertIon of ET and CT,
debrIdement and suturIng
PTFACE offIcer
P|ay provIde shelter In housIng
area, bereavement support
PonmedIcal personnel may be
utIlIzed
P E|EFCECY FESCUE A0
TFASPDFT

Prench word "trIer" to sort
PSortIng of clIents based on the severIty of
health problems
PHIerarchy based on the potentIal for lIfe loss
PAdvanced skIlls
DOK OBET
P$ T A R T S|PLE TFACE A0 FAP0
TFEAT|ET
quIck assessment of respIratIon, perfusIon,
mental status
P$ A V E SECD0AFY ASSESS|ET D 7CT|
E0PDT
used to IdentIfy who may benefIt from care
avaIlable

P 3 categorIes of TPIACE (erner's)
. Emergent
2. Urgent
J. onurgent
DOK OBET
I Emergent
PHIghest prIorIty
PLIfe threatenIng condItIons, lImbs
P|ust be treated ImmedIately
S AIrway compromIse
S CardIac arrest
S Shock
S Stroke
S |ajor 8urns
DOK OBET
II Urgent
PThreatenIng condItIons
Pot ImmedIate
P|ust be seen wIthIn hour
S ever
S |Inor 8urns
S LaceratIons
DOK OBET
III Non-urgent
PCan be addressed wIthIn 24 hours
S ChronIc condItIons
S 0ental problems
S |Issed |enses

th
category
Past track - sImple fIrst aId
DOK OBET
Assess and Intervene (PrImary survey)
PA aIrway
P8 breathIng
PC cIrculatIon
P0 dIsabIlIty
PE expose
DOK OBET
PHEA0
P|DUTH , LPS E TEETH
PEYES
PDSE E EAFS
PACE
PSPE E TFU
PL|8S
DOK OBET
done after the prIorItIes has been
addressed.
a Complete HIstory and PE
b. 0IagnostIc and laboratory testIng
c. ECC, ArterIal lInes, urInary catheters
d. SplIntIng of suspected fractures
e. CleanIng and dressIng of wounds
f. other necessary InterventIons
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
SpeciIic Body Injories
1. Blows to the Iyes
A. Chemicul Borns
DOK OBET
B. Iye Knocked Oot
DOK OBET
C. Ioreign Object
DOK OBET
. Nose bleeds
DOK OBET
. Knocked Oot Tooth
DOK OBET
. Impuled Objects
DOK OBET
. Ampotution
DOK OBET
. Socking Chest Woond
DOK OBET
. Abdominul Injories
P |C Is defIned as an event InvolvIng a
number and/or severIty of casualtIes,whIch
Is beyond the capabIlItIes of avaIlable care
teams and facIlItIes.
DOK OBET
PIs a system used by medIcal or emergency personnel
to ratIon lImIted medIcal resources when the number
of Injured needIng care exceeds the resources
avaIlable to perform care so as to treat those
patIents In most need of treatment who are able to
benefIt fIrst.
P$ImpIe trIage Is used at the scene of a mass
casualty IncIdent to select patIents Into those who
need ImmedIate transport to the hospItal In order to
save theIr lIves and those who can waIt for help later.
PAdvanced trIage, doctors may decIde that
some serIously Injured people should not receIve
certaIn care because they are unlIkely to survIve.
O TrIage separates the Injured Into four groups:
. The ECEA$E who are beyond help,
2. the Injured who can be helped by IhhEIATE
transportatIon,
J. the Injured whose transport can be ELAYE, and
those wIth
hINDP InjurIes the waIkIng wounded who need
help less urgently.
Iack l Expectant -
PThey are so severely Injured that they wIll dIe of
theIr InjurIes, possIbly In hours or days (largebody
burns, severe trauma, lethal radIatIon dose), or In
lIfethreatenIng medIcal crIsIs that they are unlIkely
to survIve gIven the care avaIlable (cardIac arrest,
septIc shock, severe head or chest wounds); they
should be taken to a holdIng area and gIven
paInkIllers to ease theIr passIng.
Ped l ImmedIate
PThey requIre ImmedIate surgery or other lIfesavIng
InterventIon, fIrst prIorIty for surgIcal teams or
transport to advanced facIlItIes, cannot waIt but are
lIkely to survIve wIth ImmedIate treatment
3 YeIIow l DbservatIon
PTheIr condItIon Is stable for the moment but requIres
watchIng by traIned persons and frequent retrIage,
wIll need hospItal care (and would receIve ImmedIate
prIorIty care under normal cIrcumstances
Creen l WaIt (waIkIng wounded)
PThey wIll requIre a doctor's care In several hours or
days but not ImmedIately, may waIt for a number of
hours or be told to go home and come back the next
day (broken bones wIthout compound fractures, many
soft tIssue InjurIes).
WhIte l IsmIss (waIkIng
wounded)
PThey have mInor InjurIes; fIrst aId and home care are
suffIcIent, a doctor's care Is not requIred. njurIes are
along the lInes of cuts and scrapes, or mInor burns.
O n addItIon to the standard practIces of trIage as
mentIoned above, there are condItIons where sometImes
the less wounded are treated In preference to the more
severely wounded. ThIs may arIse In a sItuatIon such as
war where the mIlItary settIng may requIre soldIers be
returned to combat as quIckly as possIble. Dther possIble
scenarIos where thIs could arIse Include sItuatIons where
sIgnIfIcant numbers of medIcal personnel are among the
affected patIents where It may be advantageous to ensure
that they survIve to contInue provIdIng care In the comIng
days especIally If medIcal resources are already stretched
PTrIage tags are desIgned to communIcate
the trIage category, treatment rendered,
and other medIcaI InformatIon y
necessIty, the InformatIon on the tag Is
brIef TrIage tags are usuaIIy pIaced on the
casuaIty by the trIage offIcer aIthough
other members of the team may pIace or
add InformatIon to the tags
DOK OBET
P To furnIsh the attendIng care provIder durIng
the evacuatIon of a casuaIty wIth essentIaI
InformatIon about the Injury or dIsease and
the treatment provIded
P - The soIe or InItIaI medIcaI record for the
troops Injured In combat
P - Each trIage tag Is coded wIth a unIque
sequentIaI seven-character serIaI number used
for IdentIfIcatIon and trackIng of the
casuaIty The serIaI number Is Iocated on the
top rIght and Ieft dIagonaI tear-offs
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
A0ulT - F0RFl6t 00Y
AlRwAY 0STRuCTl0t H6tT
DOK OBET
UNIVERSAL DISTRESS SIGNAL
( Choking )
DOK OBET
Two kinds of Airway Obstruction:
1. PartiaI Airway Obstruction
2. CompIete Airway Obstruction
Signs:
DifficuIty of breathing
Coughing
Can stiII speak but with distorted sounds
Signs:
Cannot Breath
Cannot cough
Cannot speak
Change of faciaI coIor (Cyanosis)
DOK OBET
CIassification of Airway Obstruction
1. AnatomicaI Airway Obstruction
( Tongue )
2. MechanicaI or Foreign Body Airway
Obstruction
( SoIids or Liquids )
3. PathoIogicaI Airway Obstruction
( Asthma, Pneumonia, PTB, etc. )
DOK OBET
Responsive AduIt and ChiId Airway
Obstruction (Choking)
Check victim for choking.
Ask "Are you choke? Can
you speak?"
A choking victim cannot
speak, breathe or cough and
may cIutch the neck with the
hand.
Determine first whether it is
PartiaI or CompIete Airway
Obstruction
DOK OBET
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction ( Choking ) Management
For PartiaI Airway Obstruction
Ask; "Are you choke? Can you speak? Can
you cough?". If the person is coughing,
speaking with distorted sound, and with
difficuIty of breathing, then.
Do not intervene, just be with the person
and encourage him or her to cough.
Warning !
Back-bIows is no Ionger recommended because this
may aggravate the condition such as conversion from
PartiaI Airway Obstruction to a CompIete Airway
Obstruction and may aIso cause additionaI insuIt or injury
to the victim.
DOK OBET
For CompIete Airway Obstruction
DOK OBET
Give abdominaI thrust
(HeimIich maneuver).
PIace a first against the
victim's abdomen just
above the naveI.
Grasp the first with your
other hand and press into
victim's abdomen with
quick inward and upward
thrust.
Continue thrust untiI
object is removed or
victim becomes
unresponsive.
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
%4ngue-Jaw lift
And
Finger sweep
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
Give Chest Thrusts instead of abdominaI thrusts for
women in Iate stages of pregnancy or Iarge victims.
DOK OBET
Chest thrusts for Pregnant Women / Large Victim
Conscious victim:
DOK OBET
If the pregnant women / Iarge victim become unconscious;
Perform 5-6 chest
Thrusts
( Chest Thrusts can
be done as if you
are doing CPR. )
Unconscious victim:
DOK OBET
Basic Life Support
Unresponsive victim
CaII 9-1-1
(or emergency
teIephone number).
Get AED if avaiIabIe.
Open airway (head-
tiIt/chin-Iift or jaw
thrust).
Breathing?
PIace in recovery
position. Monitor
victim's condition.
Yes
Give 2 sIow breaths
(2 seconds each).
No
A
DOK OBET
No
Chest rise?
Re-tiIt head and try
breaths again
Chest rise?
Signs of normal
circulation (breathing,
coughing, movement)?
Begin first aid for
foreign body airway
obstruction protocol for
unconscious victim, or
Start CPR ( chest
compressions
breaths X 5 cycles).
Before giving a breath,
open airway and look
for object. f seen,
remove it.
f not breathing, give
breath every 5
seconds. Recheck
circulation every
minute.
Start CPR.
* chest compression
breaths X 5 cycles
* per minute Use
AED when it arrives
4393:,943
After 5 cycles of CPR,
recheck for signs of
normal circulation.
No Yes
Yes
No Yes
DOK OBET
CHll0 - F0RFl6t 00Y
AlRwAY 0STRuCTl0t H6tT
DOK OBET
RELEVNG ARWAY OBSTRUCTON ( CHLD )
Check chiId for Choking:
Ask "Are you Choke? Can
you speak?"
A choking chiId cannot
speak,cough and may
cIutch the neck with one or
both hands.
UniversaI Distress signaI
Give abdominaI thrusts
(HeimIich maneuver)
CaII emergency hotIines, if
the chiId becomes
unconscious.
DOK OBET
A
D C
B
DOK OBET
f the Child become
unconscious:
Deliver 5 to
abdominal thrusts
Check the airway for
a foreign body,Then
remove if seen.
Provide Basic Life
Support (BLS) if
necessary.
DOK OBET
SeIf management:
DOK OBET
ltFAtT - F0RFl6t 00Y
AlRwAY 0STRuCTl0t H6tT
DOK OBET
RELIEVING AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION ( INFANT )
4 - 5 Chest Thrusts
4 - 5 Back BIows or
Tapping (if Iiquid )
If responsive infant:
DOK OBET
If Unresponsive infant:
Start CPR (30 chest compressions/2 breaths X 5 cycIes).
Before giving a breath, open airway and Iook for object. If
seen, remove it.
DOK OBET
RELEVNG ARWAY OBSTRUCTON N A
RESPONSVE NFANT )
1. Recognize and assess for
choking. Look for breathing
difficulty, ineffective cough,
and lack of strong cry.
2. Give up to 5 back blows
and...
DOK OBET
. 5 Chest Thrust
4. If the infant becomes
UNRESPONSIVE, perform a tongue-
jaw lift and look for a foreign body. If
you see one, use finger sweep to
remove it. ( Never do blind finger
sweeps in an infant or child. )
Attempt to ventilate. If this fails,
reposition the head and try again. If
you are not successful,
DOK OBET
5. Begin CPR (30 chest
compressions and 2
breaths X 5 cycIes (with
an extra step to check
for foreign body) before
giving ventiIations in
each cycIes. If you are
working aIone, after 1
minute of resuscitation
activate the EMS system
( or CaII for HELP ) and
continue airway
cIearance and ventiIation
efforts. Transport as
quickIy as possibIe.
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
ASlC llFF SuPP0RT lt
PFRSPFCTlvF
DOK OBET
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Definition of First Aid:
Is an immediate care rendered to heIp an
acuteIy iII and / or injured person before the
arrivaI of the Doctor or arrivaI to the
medicaI faciIity.
Serve as a bridge between the victim and
the doctor / or medicaI faciIity for survivaI.
DOK OBET
GoaIs of First Aid:
Keep the victim aIive
Prevent the victim's condition
from getting worse
HeIp promote recovery from the
injury or iIIness
Ensure the victim receives
medicaI care
DOK OBET
Be Prepared:
Know what to do. The first aid course wiII teach you what to do.
Stay ready. A first aid situation can occur anytime, anywhere.
Think of yourseIf as a first aider who is aIways ready to step in and
heIp. Other bystanders at the scene may feeI heIpIess or hesitate
to heIp, but you shouId feeI confident that you can assist the
victim.
Have the personaI first aid kit, and know where kits are in your
work pIace. Be sure that first aid kits are weII stocked with the right
suppIies. Keep emergency phone number, such as E.M.S., the
PoIice ControI Center, and other emergency agencies, in a handy
pIace.
Know whether your community uses 911 or a different
Emergency HotIine Numbers.
DOK OBET
. TuctIol - shoold not ulurm the victim.
. ResoorceIol - shoold muke the best ose
oI things ut hund.
. Respectuble - shoold muintuin u
proIessionul und curing
uttitode.
1. Gentle - shoold not cuose puin.
. Observunt - shoold notice ull signs.
. Imputhetic - shoold be comIorting.
Churucteristics oI u good Iirst Aider Churucteristics oI u good Iirst Aider
DOK OBET
1. LnIuvoruble sorroondings
. Pressore Irom Victim or
Relutives
. The Presence oI Crowds
Hindrunces in giving Hindrunces in giving
Iirst Aid Iirst Aid
DOK OBET
Busic LiIe Sopport Busic LiIe Sopport
Curdiopolmonury Curdiopolmonury
Resoscitution Resoscitution
DOK OBET
LiIe Sopport LiIe Sopport
1. Busic LiIe Sopport - is un
emergency procedore thut
consist oI recognizing
respirutory urrest or curdiuc
urrest or both und the proper
upplicution oI CPR to muintuin
liIe ontil u victim recovers or
udvunced liIe sopport is
uvuiluble.
DOK OBET
Advunced Curdiuc LiIe Advunced Curdiuc LiIe
Sopport Sopport
The ose oI speciul eqoipment The ose oI speciul eqoipment
to muintuin breuthing und to muintuin breuthing und
circolution Ior the victim oI circolution Ior the victim oI
curdiuc emergency. curdiuc emergency.
DOK OBET
Facts about CPR
Sudden cardiac arrest is the Ieading cause of
death in aduIts. Most arrests occur in persons
with underIying heart disease.
CPR doubIes a person's chance of survivaI from
sudden cardiac arrest.
75% of aII cardiac arrests happen in peopIe's
homes.
The typicaI victim of cardiac arrest is a man in
his earIy 60's and a woman in her Iate 60's.
DOK OBET
Cardiac arrest occurs twice as frequentIy in men
compared to women.
CPR was invented in 1960
There has never been a case of HIV transmitted by
mouth-to-mouth CPR.
CPR provides a trickIe of oxygenated bIood to the
brain and heart and keeps these organs aIive untiI
defibriIIation can shock the heart into a normaI
rhythm.
DOK OBET
If CPR is started within 4 minutes of coIIapse and
defibriIIation provided within 10 minutes a
person has a 40% chance of survivaI.
DOK OBET
Early CPR
Early
Defibrillation
Early Advanced
Care
Early Access
The Chain Of SurvivaI
SL.pptTRFC 8 8
1. The F|rst L|nk: |HHE0|ATE RE60CN|T|0N & A6T|VAT|0N 0F EH8 1. The F|rst L|nk: |HHE0|ATE RE60CN|T|0N & A6T|VAT|0N 0F EH8
2. The 8econd L|nk: EARLY 6PR 2. The 8econd L|nk: EARLY 6PR
3. The Th|rd L|nk: RAP|0 0EF|R|LLAT|0N 3. The Th|rd L|nk: RAP|0 0EF|R|LLAT|0N
ll |s lre everl |r|l|aled aller lre pal|erl's co||apse url|| lre arr|va| ol Erergercy Ved|ca| ll |s lre everl |r|l|aled aller lre pal|erl's co||apse url|| lre arr|va| ol Erergercy Ved|ca|
3erv|ces persorre| prepared lo prov|de care. 3erv|ces persorre| prepared lo prov|de care.
ll |s rosl ellecl|ve Wrer slarled |rred|ale|y aller lre v|cl|r's co||apse. Tre prooao|||ly ol ll |s rosl ellecl|ve Wrer slarled |rred|ale|y aller lre v|cl|r's co||apse. Tre prooao|||ly ol
surv|va| approx|rale|y douo|es Wrer |l |s |r|l|aled oelore lre arr|va| ol EV3. surv|va| approx|rale|y douo|es Wrer |l |s |r|l|aled oelore lre arr|va| ol EV3.
. The Fourth L|nk: EFFE6T|VE A6L8 . The Fourth L|nk: EFFE6T|VE A6L8
ll ll |s lre correrslore lrerapy lor pal|erls Wro rave jusl sudder|y co||apsed prooao|y
due lo verlr|cu|ar l|or|||al|or ard pu|se-|ess verlr|cu|ar lacrycard|a.
Prov|ded oy r|gr|y lra|red persorre| |||e parared|cs. Prov|ded oy r|gr|y lra|red persorre| |||e parared|cs.
F|VE L|NK8 for A0ULT V|6T|H8 F|VE L|NK8 for A0ULT V|6T|H8
5. The F|fth L|nk: |NTECRATE0 P08T 5. The F|fth L|nk: |NTECRATE0 P08T--6AR0|A6 ARRE8T 6ARE 6AR0|A6 ARRE8T 6ARE
Posl card|ac arresl care aller relurr ol sporlareous c|rcu|al|or (R03C) car |rprove lre
|||e||rood ol pal|erl surv|va| W|lr good qua||ly ol ||le.
PThIs Is a strategy whIch aIms to Improve the
outcome for vIctIms of CardIopuImonary arrest
and Is now beIng adopted InternatIonaIIy
PIt InvoIves a serIes of events whIch are
Interconnected to each other IIke the IInks of a
chaIn
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
EarIy access means that the person
who sees someone coIIapse or finds
someone unresponsive caIIs a
dispatcher who quickIy gets EMS
(Emergency MedicaI Service) responding
to the emergency.
ARLY ACC$$
DOK OBET
EarIy CPR can increase survivaI significantIy.
About the onIy time earIy CPR does not heIp is
when defibriIIation reaches the patient within
approximateIy 2 minutes. Since this is rareIy the
case in reaI Iife, this means EMS agencies need to
address this factor. There are three ways in which
CPR can be deIivered earIier:
1. Get CPR-trained professionaIs to the patient faster,
2. Train IaypeopIe in CPR, and
3. Train dispatchers to instruct caIIers in how to do
CPR.
ARLY CPR
DOK OBET
Chuin oI Sorvivul Chuin oI Sorvivul
Third Link : Iurly eIibrillution Third Link : Iurly eIibrillution
It is the key intervention to
increuse the chunces oI
sorvivul oI putients with
oot-oI-hospitul curdiuc
urrest.
DOK OBET
Chuin oI Sorvivul Chuin oI Sorvivul
Ioorth Link : Iurly ACLS Ioorth Link : Iurly ACLS
II provided by highly
truined personnel like
purumedics, provision oI
udvunced cure ootside the
hospitul woold be possible.
All the lIvIng cells of our body need a steady
supply of oxygen to keep us alIve
CPF works because you can breathe aIr Into
the vIctIm's lungs to provIde oxygen Into the
blood. Then, when you press on the chest,
you move oxygencarryIng blood through the
body.
DOK OBET
CPF must be started as soon as possIble when
the carotId pulse Is not apprecIated or If
breathIng eIther stops or IneffectIve.
n case of doubt, do CPF. Any delay In startIng
CPF reduces the chances of survIval. n
addItIon, the braIn cells begIn to dIe after
four to sIx mInutes wIthout oxygen.
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
TRANSMISSION OI ISIASIS
AN THI IIRST AIIRS
1. How iseuses ure trunsmitted
,irect Contuct Trunsmission
DOK OBET
b. Indirect Contuct
Trunsmission
DOK OBET
c. Airborne Trunsmission
DOK OBET
AVOIDING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1. BIoodborne Diseases:
HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
2. Airborne Diseases:
P.T.B.
S.A.R.S.
DOK OBET
Disease precaution
lood borne diseases
Use oI gloves, or protective cloths, or plastic, eye
goggles,
Air borne diseases
Use oI mask
% Therefore, we must practice the
Body Substance solation (B.S..)
precaution.
DOK OBET
. BOY SLBSTANCI
ISOLATION {BSI)
A. Personul
hygiene
DOK OBET
B. Iqoipment
cleuning und
disinIecting
DOK OBET

C. Protective Iqoipment
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
SAFFTY 0uRlt6 C.P.R.
TRAltlt6 At0 ACTuAl
RFSCuF
DOK OBET
Scene survey
SURVEY THE SCENE FOR :
DANGER
CLUES
# OF VICTIMS
NEED OF ADDITIONAL
RESOURCES OR
EQUIPMENTS
DOK OBET
and Check the scene.
AIways check the scene when you recognize an
emergency has occurred - before rushing in to heIp a
victim.
You must be safe yourseIf if you are to heIp another.
Look for any Hazards such as the foIIowing:
Smoke, fIames
SpiIIed chemicaIs, fumes
Downed eIectricaI wires
Risk of expIosion, buiIding coIIapse
Roadside dangers, high-speed traffic
PotentiaI personaI vioIence
DOK OBET
ALR% !!!
f the scene become unsafe,
$%AY AWAY and CALL FR HLP.
Do not become a victim yourself !
DOK OBET
InitiaI Assessment ( Primary Survey )
1. VerbaI StimuIation. Shout, "Hey!!!
Are you OK ?"
2. GentIe Tapping of the shouIder
Check the Responsiveness:( in order )
DOK OBET
3. Pain StimuIation by:
A. Chest rubbing
B. Pinching the neck muscIe
A
B
DOK OBET
No Suspected SpinaI Injury
t can be done by:
DOK OBET
. Head-Tilt Maneuver
. Chin-Lift Maneuver
. Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (for Trauma case )
Techniques:
DOK OBET
Head-tiIt / Chin-Lift
Maneuver
Jaw-thrust Maneuver
DOK OBET
A=Airway Open?
Head - tiIt/ chin - Iift and check mouth and
nose for any foreign bodies. Ex. Vomitus,
BIood, soIid foods or objects, etc.
DOK OBET
B=Breathing? Look, Listen, and
FeeI.( for 5 to 10 seconds )
P2 InItIal rescue breaths
DOK OBET
SL.pptTRFC 5
C||r|ca| dealr C||r|ca| dealr
0 0 -- 1 r|r. 1 r|r. -- card|ac |rr|lao|||ly card|ac |rr|lao|||ly
1 1 -- 1 r|r. 1 r|r. -- ora|r daraged rol |||e|y ora|r daraged rol |||e|y
1 1 -- r|r. r|r. -- ora|r darage poss|o|e ora|r darage poss|o|e
|o|og|ca| dealr |o|og|ca| dealr
-- 10 r|r. 10 r|r. -- ora|r daraged very |||e|y ora|r daraged very |||e|y
over 10 r|r. over 10 r|r. -- |rrevers|o|e ora|r daraged |rrevers|o|e ora|r daraged
ANAT0HY AN0 PhY8|0L0CY ANAT0HY AN0 PhY8|0L0CY
DOK OBET
Artificial Respiration Rescue Breathing
Techniques:
Mouth-to-Mouth
Mouth-to-Nose
Mouth-to-Mouth and Nose
Mouth-to- Barrier Devices (CPR mask,Face ShieId)
Mouth-to-Stoma
DOK OBET
Basic Life Support Basic Life Support - - CPR VisuaI Aids CPR VisuaI Aids
Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing
TR 3 TR 3- -3 3
1. Houth 1. Houth--to to--
Houth Houth
. Houth . Houth--to to--
8toma 8toma
3. Houth 3. Houth--to to--Houth Houth
and Nose and Nose
2. Houth 2. Houth--
to to--Nose Nose
PNRC PNRC - - DOH Tie DOH Tie- -up Project up Project
DOK OBET
TR 3 TR 3- -3 3
5. Houth 5. Houth--to to--
Face 8h|e|d Face 8h|e|d
. Houth . Houth--to to--
Hask Hask
7. ag Hask 7. ag Hask
0ev|ce 0ev|ce
Basic Life Support Basic Life Support - - CPR VisuaI Aids CPR VisuaI Aids
Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing Respiratory Arrest & Rescue Breathing
PNRC PNRC - - DOH Tie DOH Tie- -up Project up Project
DOK OBET
Breathe , , breathe , , breathe, ,
, breathe. , breathe
Breathe , ,
, , breath, ,
, , ,
breathe , ,
, breath..,
, or
up to breaths
C4unting f4r
$tandardizati4n
Purp4ses
breaths per minute ( breath every
seconds)
to breaths per
minute ( breath every
to 5 seconds)
Rate
Gentle, slow breath (
to .5 seconds per
breath)
Full, slow regulated
breath ( to .5
seconds per breath)
Full, slow breath (.5
to seconds per
breath)
Breaths
Mouth-to-mouth and
nose
Mouth-to-mouth of
mouth-to-nose
Mouth-to-mouth of
mouth-to-nose
Meth4d
Brachial pulse (upper
arm)
Carotid pulse
Carotid pulse (side of
neck)
Checking 4f Pulse
Neutral position Neutral plus position
Maximum tilt of the
head
pening 4f airway
(Head-%ilt_ Chin-Lift
Maneuver)
Infant Child Adult
PDF SECS
PUSC CAFDTS AFTEFY A0ULT
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
Locate the Iarynx (voice
box) with your index
and middIe fingers and
gentIy sIide them down
into the groove between
the Trachea and the
neck muscIes.
GentIy paIpate the
Carotid Artery whiIe
maintaining a head-tiIt
(if no trauma) for 5 - 10
seconds.
C=CircuIation?Check for signs of circuIation
DOK OBET
Respirutory Arrest Respirutory Arrest
Is u condition in Is u condition in
which breuthing stop which breuthing stop
or is inudeqoute. or is inudeqoute.
DOK OBET
Cuoses Cuoses
1. Obstroction
Anutomicul
Mechunicul
. iseuses
Bronchitis
Pneomoniu
COP und other
respirutory illnesses
DOK OBET
Other cuose oI Respirutory Other cuose oI Respirutory
Arrest Arrest
Ilectrocotion
Circolutory Collupse
Ixternul strungolution
Chest compression
rowning
Poisoning
SoIIocution
DOK OBET
RISCLI BRIATHING RISCLI BRIATHING
Is u techniqoe oI Is u techniqoe oI
breuthing uir into u breuthing uir into u
person's longs to sopply person's longs to sopply
him or her with the him or her with the
oxygen needed to oxygen needed to
sorvive. sorvive.
DOK OBET
How to provide A.R. or Rescue Breathing to an adult:
1 fuII breath in every five (5) seconds for tweIve
(12) cycIes / minute
Pattern:
One and two and three and one and BIow
1 2 3 4 5 secs..
One and two and three and two and BIow
One and two and three and three and BIow
One and two and three and four and bIow
One and two and three and five and bIow
One and two and three and six and bIow . . . . . .
One and two and three and tweIve and bIow
Re-check for the breathing for 5-10 secs
DOK OBET
Curdiuc Arrest und Curdiuc Arrest und
C Curdio urdioppolmonury olmonury R Resoscitution esoscitution
ONI LIII
will help
yoo keep
it.
DOK OBET
Curdiuc Arrest Curdiuc Arrest
Condition when circolution ceuses Condition when circolution ceuses
und vitul orguns ure deprived oI und vitul orguns ure deprived oI
oxygen oxygen
Three condition oI Curdiuc Three condition oI Curdiuc
Arrest Arrest
Curdio Vuscolur Collupse
Ventricolur Iibrillution
Curdiuc Stundstill
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
How to perform Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation (C.P.R.)to an adult:
Compression site:
erker
Pocker
ender
hassager
ouncer
oubIe Crosser
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
Use the index & middIe
fingers to Iocate the Iower
border of the rib cage.
Move your fingers aIong the
rib cage to the point where
the ribs meet the sternum,
the sub-sternaI notch. Keep
your middIe finger at the
notch and your index finger
resting on the Iower tip of the
sternum.
Move your hand to the
midIine. PIace its thumb side
against the index finger of
the Iower hand.
DOK OBET
Depth of compressions : - 1 to 2 inches
- 2 fuII breaths : 15 chest compressions
x 4 cycIes/min
4393:,943
Ratio:
If 2 - man rescuer CPR
- 1 fuII breath : 5 chest compressions X 12
cycIes/min OR
- 2 FuII breaths : 15 chest Compression X
4 cycIes/min
If SingIe rescuer CPR
DOK OBET
Depth of compressions : 1 to 2 inches
- 2 fuII breaths : 30 chest compressions
x 5 cycIes/ 2 mins.
4393:,943
Ratio:
If 2 - man rescuer CPR
- 2 FuII breaths : 30 chest Compressions
X 5 cycIes/ 2 mins.
If SingIe rescuer CPR
As NEW standards Recommended by A.H.A.( American Heart
Association )
DOK OBET
SingIe Rescuer CPR ( AduIt )
1. EstabIish unresponsiveness and
position patient. CaII for heIp if
you are working aIone
2. Open the airway. ( Head-TiIt /
Chin-Lift Maneuver )
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
3. Look, Listen, and FeeI for breath
(5-10 seconds).
4. VentiIate twice (1 to 2 seconds /
ventiIation). If the first breath is
unsuccessfuI, reposition the
patient's head before attempting
the second breath. CIear airway if
necessary.
5. Determine no puIse ( 5 - 10
seconds ).
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
6. Locate the compression site.
7. Position Hands.
8. Begin compressions.
(Compressions at depth of 1 to 2
inches, deIivered at a rate of 100 /
min.) Push Hard and Fast.
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
9. VentiIate twice. ( Provide 2
ventiIations then 30 compressions
X 5 cycIes / 2mins. As a ew
rec422endati4n from American
Heart Association )
10.Recheck puIse and breathing after
5 cycIes, then every few minutes.
DOK OBET
Two - Man Rescuer CPR ( AduIt )
1. Determine unresponsiveness. Position
the patient.
2. Open the airway and Iook, Iisten and
feeI for breath ( 5 seconds ).
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
3. VentiIate twice ( 1 to 2 sec./
ventiIation ). If the first breath is
unsuccessfuI, reposition the patient's
head before attempting the second
breath. CIear the airway if necessary.
4. Determine puIseIessness. Locate CPR
compression site.
5. Say " No PuIse" , Begin compressions.
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
6. Check compression effectiveness.
DeIiver 30 compressions in a rate of
80 - 100 / minute .
7. Stop for compressions for ventiIation.
VentiIate ( 2 ) twice ( 1 to 2 seconds
intervaI ).
DOK OBET
C4ntinuati4n...
8. Continue with 2 FuII
ventiIations in every
30 Chest
compressions.
9. After few minutes, reassess
breathing and puIse. No puIse - say
"Continue CPR", if (+) puIse - say
"Stop CPR".
DOK OBET
PF0lATRlC ASlC llFF
SuPP0RT - 1
CHILD
DOK OBET
How to provide A.R. or Rescue Breathing to a child:
1 haIf breath in every three (3) seconds for
twenty (20) cycIes / minute
Pattern:
One and one and BIow
1 2 3 secs.
One and two and bIow
One and three and bIow
One and four and bIow
One and five and bIow
One and six and bIow . . . . . .
One and twenty and bIow
Re-check for the breathing for 5-10 secs
DOK OBET
How to perform Cardio-PuImonary
Resuscitation (C.P.R.)to a chiId:
Compression site:
PIace heeI of one hand on the center of
the chest between the nippIes (Iower haIf
of the sternum)
PIace other hand on the chiId's forehead.
Depth of compressions : 1 to 1 inches
DOK OBET
- 30 Chest compressions + 2 VentiIations
x 5 cycIes/ 2 mins.
If 2 - man rescuer CPR
-15 Chest Compressions + 2 VentiIations
( for HeaIth Care Provider )
If SingIe rescuer CPR
Ratio:
DOK OBET
Proper position
while compressing
the child's chest.
DOK OBET
Check the Responsiveness
If no response, CaII E.M.S. or
LocaI Emergency HotIines
Open the Airway by:( Head-TiIt/
Chin-Lift maneuver or Jaw-
thrust maneuver)
Check for the Breathing:
(Iook,Iisten &FeeI)
BUT, if not Breathing, deIiver
TWO sIow initiaI breaths.
DOK OBET
Check for the signs of CircuIation
If No signs of CircuIation,
PIace heeI of 1 hand on the
center of the chest between the
nippIes (Iower haIf of the chest)
PIace other hand on chiId's
forehead.
Using 1 hand,depress chest
downward to 1 to 1-1/2 inches.
Give 30 chest compressions at a
rate of about 100 per minute.
Open the airway and give 2 sIow
breaths (1 to 1-1/2 seconds)
Repeat cycIes of 30 chest
compressions and 2 rescue
breath.
Perform immediateIy C.P.R.
DOK OBET
PF0lATRlC ASlC llFF
SuPP0RT - 2
INFANT
DOK OBET
How to provide A.R. or Rescue Breathing to an infant:
1 VentiIation in every three (3) seconds for twenty
(20) cycIes / minute
Pattern:
One and one and PUFF
1 2 3 secs.
One and two and PUFF
One and three and PUFF
One and four and PUFF
One and five and PUFF
One and six and PUFF . . . . .
One and twenty and PUFF
Re-check for the breathing for 5-10 secs
DOK OBET
How to perform Cardio-PuImonary
Resuscitation (C.P.R.)to an Infant:
Compression site:
Locate the nippIe Iine and pIace three
fingers in the middIe of the chest, then Iift
one finger that is adjacent to the nippIe
Iine (aIIowing two fingers are Iying on the
center of the infant's chest)
PIace other hand on the Infant's
forehead.
Depth of compressions = to 1 inch
DOK OBET
- 30 Chest compressions + 2 VentiIations
x 5 cycIes/ 2 mins.
If 2 - man rescuer CPR
-15 Chest Compressions + 2 VentiIations
( for HeaIth Care Provider )
If SingIe rescuer CPR
Ratio:
DOK OBET
DOK OBET
Infant (under 1 year)
Rescue Breathing and CPR
Check responsiveness.
DOK OBET
Activate EMS.
Ask a bystander to caII the
IocaI emergency teIephone
number, usuaIIy 9-1-1.
If you are aIone, caII EMS
after one minute of
resuscitation, unIess a
bystander can be sent.
DOK OBET
Open the airway (use slight head-
tiltchin-lift method).
PIace your hand that is
nearest victim's head on
victim's forehead and tiIt
head back sIightIy or ( in
NeutraI Position of the head ).
PIace the fingers of your
other hand under the chin
and Iift gentIy. Avoid
pressing on the soft tissues
under the jaw.
DOK OBET
Check for breathing (
seconds).
PIace your ear over the
victim's mouth and nose
whiIe keeping the airway
open.
Look at the victim's chest
to check for rise and faII;
listen and feel for
breathing.
DOK OBET
If not breathing, give 2 sIow
breaths (to check for airway
obstruction).
Keep the airway open.
Take a breath and pIace
your mouth over the
victim's mouth and nose, or
nose onIy.
Give 2 sIow breaths.
Watch chest rise to see if
your breaths go in.
AIIow for chest defIation
after each breath.
DOK OBET
If breaths does not go in
Re-tiIt the head sIightIy
or maintain in neutraI
position of the infant's
head and try to breath
again. But d4 n4t
Hyperextend the neck
it wiII onIy bIocks the
airway.
DOK OBET
If positive chest rise ;
Check for the
circuIation (PULSE) at
brachiaI Artery (for
infant)
NOTE:
If NO chest rise;
Perform Foreign Body
Airway Obstruction
Management
DOK OBET
Signs of circuIation incIude:
Breathing.
Coughing.
Movement.
NormaI skin condition (temperature and coIor).
Improved IeveI of responsiveness.
PuIse.
NOTE:
If negative PULSE;
Perform CPR for
Infant
DOK OBET
Infant (under 1 year)
Rescue Breathing and CPR
1. PIace 2-3 fingers in the center
of the chest.
2. Compress the chest 30 times.
3. Push sternum straight down
1/3 to1/2 the anterior -
posterior diameter of the
chest.
4. Do smooth compressions,
counting "One, two, three,
four, five.thirty"
Give 2 sIow breaths. Enough
to have chest rise
DOK OBET
Continue cycIes of 30
compressions and 2 breaths
by 5 cycIes, then check for
signs of circuIation for 5 - 10
seconds. If absent, restart
CPR with chest compressions.
Recheck the signs of
circuIation every few minutes.
If there are signs of circuIation
but no breathing, give rescue
breathing.
Give CPR untiI infant revives
DOK OBET
Basic Life Support Basic Life Support - - CPR VisuaI Aids CPR VisuaI Aids
Cardiac Arrest & CardiopuImonary Resuscitation Cardiac Arrest & CardiopuImonary Resuscitation
TR 5 TR 5- -3 3
1. 1. 8P0NTANE0U8 8P0NTANE0U8 s|gns of c|rcu|at|on are restored. s|gns of c|rcu|at|on are restored.
2. 2. TURNE0 TURNE0 over to med|ca| serv|ces or proper|y tra|ned and author|zed over to med|ca| serv|ces or proper|y tra|ned and author|zed
personne|. personne|.
3 3. 0PERAT0R . 0PERAT0R |s a|ready exhausted and cannot cont|nue 6PR. |s a|ready exhausted and cannot cont|nue 6PR.
. . PhY8|6|AN PhY8|6|AN assumes respons|b|||ty (dec|ares death, takes over, assumes respons|b|||ty (dec|ares death, takes over,
etc.}. etc.}.
PNRC PNRC - - DOH Tie DOH Tie- -up Project up Project
hen to STDP (ContInuatIon):
S SPDTAEDUS sIgns of cIrculatIon are
restored
T TUFE0 over to medIcal servIces or
properly traIned and authorIzed
personnel
D DPEFATDF Is already exhausted and
cannot contInue CPF
P PHYSCA assumes responsIbIlIty
(declares death, takes over, etc.)
S - SCEE becomes unsafe (such as traffIc,
ImpendIng or ongoIng vIolence-gun
fIres, etc)
S - SCE0 waIver to stop CPF