Data Analysis with SPSS

One-way ANOVA

Analyze Compare Means One-Way Anova

Example: We want to examine whether there are significant differences in the monthly salary of employees from different age groups.
Dependent variable : Monthly Salary Independent variable : Age Group

MONTHLY SALARY OF RESPONDENT Dependent List

AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENT Factor

Press Post Hoc

Multiple Comparisons Dialog Box

In this example, I have chosen Scheffe. Then press Continue

Press OK to execute

Oneway

ANOVA MONTHLY SALARY OF RESPONDENT Sum of Squares 351.208 889.778 1240.987 df 2 669 671 Mean Square 175.604 1.330 F 132.032 Sig. .000

Between Groups Within Groups Total

F = 132.032, Sig. = .000 Shows that the mean salary of the three age groups are significantly different We do not know which group means are different, post hoc test will indicate this

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: MONTHLY SALARY OF RESPONDENT Scheffe Mean Difference (I-J) -1.081* -2.003* 1.081* -.922* 2.003* .922*

(I) AGE GROUP OF (J) AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENT RESPONDENT 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 26 - 35 YEARS 25 YEARS AND BELOW 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS

Std. Error .111 .123 .111 .105 .123 .105

Sig. .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -1.35 -.81 -2.30 -1.70 .81 1.35 -1.18 -.66 1.70 2.30 .66 1.18

*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

Scheffe Multiple Comparisons test shows that all the three group means are significantly different from one another, sig. (or p) 0.001

Lets look at two other examples

Example 1
ANOVA to test whether there is/are significant difference(s) in the means of importance of growth and development between employees of different age groups
ANOVA impgdevt Sum of Squares .376 339.527 339.902 df 2 669 671 Mean Square .188 .508 F .370 Sig. .691

Between Groups Within Groups Total

F = 0.370, p = 0.691

p >0.05, so there is no significant difference between the means of the three age groups for the importance of growth and development

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: impgdevt Scheffe Mean Difference (I-J) -.01747 .03839 .01747 .05586 -.03839 -.05586

(I) AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENT 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS 36 YEARS AND ABOVE

(J) AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENT 26 - 35 YEARS 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 25 YEARS AND BELOW 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS

Std. Error .06887 .07613 .06887 .06507 .07613 .06507

Sig. .968 .881 .968 .692 .881 .692

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -.1864 .1515 -.1484 .2251 -.1515 .1864 -.1038 .2155 -.2251 .1484 -.2155 .1038

All the significant levels are more than 0.05, so there is no difference in the means of the groups

Example 2
ANOVA to test whether there is/are significant difference(s) in the means of importance of safe work environment (penvr) between employees of different age groups
ANOVA penvr Sum of Squares 3.975 339.927 343.902 df 2 669 671 Mean Square 1.987 .508 F 3.911 Sig. .020

Between Groups Within Groups Total

F = 3.911, p = 0.02

p = 0.02, (i.e. 0.05), so there is significant difference between the means

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: penvr Scheffe Mean Difference (I-J) .08662 .20965* -.08662 .12303 -.20965* -.12303

(I) AGE GROUP OF (J) AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENT RESPONDENT 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 26 - 35 YEARS 25 YEARS AND BELOW 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 36 YEARS AND ABOVE 25 YEARS AND BELOW 26 - 35 YEARS

Std. Error .06891 .07617 .06891 .06511 .07617 .06511

Sig. .454 .023 .454 .169 .023 .169

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -.0824 .2557 .0228 .3965 -.2557 .0824 -.0367 .2828 -.3965 -.0228 -.2828 .0367

*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

Scheffe test shows that there is significant difference between a pair of means: 25 YEARS AND BELOW and 36 YEARS AND ABOVE, p = 0.023 (0.05)

Thank You