Project by:

Ashalata Abner Kaustubha Kaushal Neha Vaishali Vishal Zain

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organization theory, but now used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management.

Span of Control is a term originating in military

subordinates a supervisor has. The term Span of Control is also known as Span of Management , span of Authority Span of Supervision.

Span of control refers to the number of

subordinates reporting directly to an authority.

Span of Control implies the number of

It refers to the number of people an executive can manage effectively.

The concept of span of control was developed in the United Kingdom in 1922 by Sir Ian Hamilton. It arose from the assumption that managers have finite amounts of time, energy, and attention to devote to their jobs.

In studies of British military leaders, Hamilton found that they could not effectively control more than three to six people directly. These figures have been generally accepted as the "rule of thumb" for span of control ever since.

 o o o

Character of the supervision work

Standardised work Policy set by the organization Controlling more subordinates Restriction of work

o o o

Leadership qualities
Motivator for subordinates Better control of subordinates Increase in span of management

Qualities of Subordinates

Team player Ready for challenges Target oriented Adaptable to unexpected situations

Plan of action Organization of activities Informal relationship Supervision of subordinates

Time available to Supervisor

Nature of Work
Repetitive nature of work Better control & coordination

Level of Supervision
Manual work increases Span of control Bottom level Mngmt. increases Span of Control Decrease in span of control at Top Level

Delegation of Authority
Subordinate decision-making increases SoC Supervision results in Handling more Subordinates

Fixation of Responsibility
Clearly defining the responsibility Results in large number subordinates handling Achieving targets in time

By: V. A. Graicicunas

Direct Single Relationships Direct group Relationships Cross Relationships

SUPERVISOR A

C Sub-ordinates

SUPERVISOR A

Consultation
Attendance
B

Consultation

Sub-ordinates

SUPERVISOR A

Relationship
B C

Sub-ordinates

Formula = n x 2n/2 +(n-1)

Where (n) : No. of subordinates.

No . Of Subordinates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

No. of Relationships 1 6 18 44 100 222 490

8
9 10

1080
2376 5210

The Management fixes the number of subordinates to each supervisor according to the Nature of Work.

Span of management means the number of people managed efficiently by a single officer in an organization.

The members exercising span of control are decreased at the top level management and increased at the bottom level management.

Factors affecting the span of management. character of the supervision work. Leadership qualities. Qualities of the subordinate. Nature of work. Level of supervision. Delegation of authority Gracicunas theory. Direct single relationship. Direct group relationship. Cross relationship.