CYLINDER MANAGEMENT

Navin Chandra Roll No:- 08ML01 Regd No:-0801223004 Krupajal Engineering College.

Abstract
Active fuel management is one of the important concerns in the present day automobile industry. Cylinder management is a variable displacement technique adopted to increase the fuel efficiency of the engine. The technique aims at having more efficient power trains for cars. Depending upon the power requirements of the car the cylinders of the engine are made operational. In cases where the power requirement is less, as in the case of heavy traffic, a few of the automobile IC engine cylinders are shut down. The process of deactivating the cylinders at part load is analogous to the fitting of a smaller engine for a shorter period. In contrast when the power requirements are high, such as during acceleration, all the cylinders of the engine are made operational. This paper explores the developing concept and technology for Cylinder Management which aims at improving fuel efficiency of automobile engines.

Contents

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Active Fuel Management as one of the important concerns in the automobile industry. Increasing the Fuel Efficiency of engines. CYLINDER MANAGEMENT for more efficient power train in cars. Cylinder Management involves the selective operation of cylinders of an engine as per the power requirements of the vehicle. Active Fuel Management (formerly known as Displacement on Demand) is a trademarked name for the automobile variable displacement technology from General Motors. Cylinder Management performed by selective deactivation.

A typical Four Cylinder Engine

The ignition and fuel consumption in a four cylinder engine.

The V-engine

The configuration of a V engine. The cylinders are arranged in a V shaped manner.

The IC Engine Cam Crank

The valve mechanism achieved in an ordinary engine by means of a cam shaft with cams.

The Valve and Piston Operation

The movement of the valves and the piston of a typical multicylinder engine.

The Working of a Car Engine

The working of a Ford eight cylinder V8 engine.

CYLINDER DEACTIVATION

Cylinder Deactivation

Cylinder deactivation is an advanced fuel economy boosting process. A few of the engines cylinders are shut down when less power is needed. Depending upon the power requirements of the car the cylinders of the engine are made operational. When power requirement is less, as in case of heavy traffic or when under gentle acceleration on motorway, a few engine cylinders are shut down. When power requirements are high, such as during acceleration, all the cylinders of the engine are made operational. In typical light load driving you use only around 30 percent of an engines maximum power. Fuel consumption can be reduced by around 20 percent in highway conditions.

Cylinder Deactivation

Cylinder Deactivation

Deactivation Process
The deactivation process is done by mechanically disabling inlet and exhaust valves. Cylinder deactivation can be done by various methods.
1. 2. 3.

Cam profile switching. Camless drive technology. Active valve train.

CAM PROFILE SWITCHING

Cam Profile Switching

Cam profile switching tappet is used to switch between 2 different cam profiles.

Cam Profile Switching

In this method cylinder deactivation is done by switching between a normal cam lobe and a plain ,circular lobe which does not produce any valve lift.

ACTIVE VALVE TRAIN TECHNOLOGY

Active Valve Train

Current deactivation systems work by mechanically disabling the inlet and exhaust valves. Active Valve Train (AVT) technology the valves are operated by high-speed hydraulic actuators allowing infinitely variable valve timing and lift. Lotus which has been working on cylinder deactivation since the late 1990s, has high hope for its future. The valves are operated by high-speed hydraulic actuators allowing infinitely variable valve timing and lift. AVT is expected to appear on a production car for the first time in 2008.

Active Valve Train

Active Valve Train

LOTUS ELISE ENGINE WITH ACTIVE VALVE TRAIN

Active Valve Train

CAMLESS DRIVE TECHNOLOGY

Camless Drive

Camless engines would be more flexible, as the valves could be computer-controlled. Infinitely variable valve timing would be possible, though variable valve lift would be more difficult the efficiency of a camless engine would be 20% greater than a comparable camshaft-operated engine Cam-less engines use solenoid valves instead of the conventional camshaft, cams, gears, rocker arms combination. Solenoid valves are driven electronically allowing completely freedom of valve control. A computer controls the opening and closing of the valves instead of cam lobes actuating rocker arms.

Camless Drive

Engine with Camless drive.

Solenoid Valves
Upper magnet: Closing magnet Holds valve closed for the desired time Switched off at valve opening Lower magnet: Opening magnet Catches approaching armature and holds valve open for desired time Supports opening motion of the valve by feeding energy lost during opening back into the system

Controlled Auto Ignition

Ability to time the lift of valves to an infinite degree creates immense possibilities. One such example is controlled auto ignition (CAI). This is done by trapping the exhaust gases in the cylinder and with variable valve timing, by closing the exhaust valve early on the exhaust stroke before all the exhaust gases has been expelled. The trapped gases are compressed and expand again as the piston goes over top dead centre. At the same time the inlet valve opens to let the fuel and air, which mixes with hot gas. When the compression stroke follows as normal, the mixture ignites automatically. At compressed auto ignition engine out NOx is reduced by more than 90% compared to a conventional spark ignition petrol engines.

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

The Concepts of Active Fuel Management and Cylinder Management are enlightening and can be developed to manufacture highly fuel efficient engines. The technology has the immense potential of saving a significant portion of the day to day fuel requirements. The camless engine are cheaper and highly fuel efficient. The Automobile industry looks forward for the practical implementation of various Cylinder Management technologies to optimize fuel requirements and there by obtain increased efficiencies.

THANK YOU

REFERENCES 1. General Motors V8-6-4 (Cadillac) 2. General Motors Active Fuel Management 3. DaimlerChrysler Multi-Displacement System (MDS) (for Chrysler) 4. DaimlerChrysler Active Cylinder Control (ACC) (for Mercedes-Benz) 5. Honda Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) 6. Lotus Elise: Rover K Series