A

PRODUCTION





stegein
otcciv
to cover
o|civ
to write
grafein
Words, Words, Words
English is redundant.
Relative message lengths:
Important Message: 13 Bytes
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes
Dear Friend , Your email address has
been submitted to us indicating your
interest in our newsletter . If you no
longer wish to receive our publications
simply reply with a Subject: of "REMOVE"
and you will immediately be removed from
our club . This mail is being sent in
compliance with Senate bill 2116 , Title
7 , Section 301 ! Do NOT confuse us with
Internet scam artists . Why work for
somebody else when you can become rich
within 13 DAYS ! Have you ever noticed
the baby boomers are more demanding than
their parents and nobody is getting any
younger ! Well, now is your chance to
capitalize on this . WE will help YOU
process your orders within seconds plus
deliver goods right to the customer's
doorstep . The best thing about our
system is that it is absolutely risk
free for you ! But don't believe us ! Mr
Ames who resides in Delaware tried us
and says "My only problem now is where
to park all my cars" ! This offer is
100% legal ! If not for you then for
your LOVED ONES - act now ! Sign up a
friend and you'll get a discount of 50%
. Thank-you for your serious
consideration of our offer !
Dear Friend , Your email address has
been submitted to us indicating your
interest in our newsletter . If you no
longer wish to receive our publications
simply reply with a Subject: of "REMOVE"
and you will immediately be removed from
our club . This mail is being sent in
compliance with Senate bill 2116 , Title
7 , Section 301 ! Do NOT confuse us with
Internet scam artists . Why work for
somebody else when you can become rich
within 13 DAYS ! Have you ever noticed
the baby boomers are more demanding than
their parents and nobody is getting any
younger ! Well, now is your chance to
capitalize on this . WE will help YOU
process your orders within seconds plus
deliver goods right to the customer's
doorstep . The best thing about our
system is that it is absolutely risk
free for you ! But don't believe us ! Mr
Ames who resides in Delaware tried us
and says "My only problem now is where
to park all my cars" ! This offer is
100% legal ! If not for you then for
your loved ones - act now ! Sign up a
friend and you'll get a discount of 50%
. Thank-you for your serious
consideration of our offer !
www.spammimic.com
Give us an A+ Give us an A-
loved ones LOVED ONES
The auto drives
fast on a slippery
road over the hill
Meeting: 9 oclock
at my home
Over the slope the
car travels
quickly on an ice-
covered street
http://www.texthide.com/
1s and 0s
Commas in lists
Guns, butter, and brownies
Guns, butter and brownies
Carriage return vs. Line feed (newline)
Carriage return: ASCII 015
Line feed: ASCII 012

Ones and Zeros
1s and 0s
Spy Game
Intercepted communication from German
Spy in WWII
p
h
g
l
o
j
i
m
e
i
s
s
u
n
a
f
y
n e
i
r s
n
r
Apparently neutrals protest is
thoroughly discounted and
ignored. Isman hard hit.
Blockade issue affects pretext
for embargo on by-products,
ejecting suets and vegetable
oils.
p
h
g
l
o
j
i
m
e
i
s
s
u
n
a
f
y
n e
i
r s
n
r
A Picture is Worth 1,024 Words
Images have a lot of data:
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes
Picture of Dave: 152 KB
Ways to hide information
Least significant bit (BMP)
Palette Shifts (GIF)
Discrete Cosine Transforms (JPG)
Whats
lurking
behind
this pretty
face?
Another
pretty
face.

(And quite a body.)
Another
pretty
face.

(And quite a body.)
Oops! We did it again
Audio files contain even more data:
Spam Mail: 1,108 Bytes
Picture of Dave: 152 KB
Sneakers Theme: 3,466 KB
Ways to hide information
Least significant bit (RAW)
Complicated stuff we dont understand (MP3)
Detecting Steganography
Statistical properties of
Text
Music
Images
Videos
Concentrate on hiding data in a JPEG
Jay-Pehg
JPEG : Joint Photographic Expert Group
Compression Algorithm
8x8 Pixel
Block
Discrete Cosine
Transformation
Quantizer
Binary
Encoder
100100
Discrete WHAT?!
Discrete Cosine Transform



Transforms 8x8 blocks into 64 DCT coefficients
FIRST coefficient is the most important
8x8 Pixel
Block
( ) ( )
(

+
(

+ =

=
1 2
2
cos 1 2
2
cos ) , ( 4 ) , (
2
2
1
0
1
0
1
1
2 1
1 2
j
N
k
i
N
k
j i A k k B
N
i
N
j
t t
41 30
18 26
98 -6
2 4
Quantize THIS!
Lossy Compression
Values increase as you move down




Quantized value = Round ( DCT / QUA )
JPEG = Discard zeros
98 -6
2 4
3 11
17 9
DCT QUA
33 -1
0 0
VALUE
33 -1
JPG
Binary me!
Convert to binary in a zigzag
33 -1
0 0
0100001
0000000
1000001
0000000
Hide and go seek
Where do you hide the message?
Detecting Steganography
http://www.citi.umich.edu/u/provos/cv.html
J-Steg vs. Masker
StegDetect can find stego created in JSteg
Cannot detect stego created in Masker
StegDetect knows what to look for
J-Steg
JPHide
Outguess
not Masker (or anything else)
The Verdict
Detecting steganographic content in any
cover is hard.
Only one documented case of uncovering
a wild stego.

Secret Number 1
Binary gesture

1000011 C
1010011 S
0110101 5
0111000 8
0111000 8

Secret Number 2
Policy-Directed Code Safety
by
David E. Evans


S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1994)
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1994)


Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

February 2000


(C) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1999. All rights
reserved.



Author......................................................
David Evans
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
October 19, 1999

Remember
the music
from the
introduction?
Secret Number 3
What the heck is up with the cups?

Absolutely nothing.

The Verdict
Too many images, MP3s, spams, pictures
of David Evans on the Internet.
Too many possible algorithms.

In conlusion:

Casting by
David Evans, C.S.A.

SOUNDTRACK LISTING

Main Title
Sneakers: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
James Horner, Branford Marsalis

1812 Overture
Pytor Ilyich Tchaikovsky
The London Symphony Orchestra
Royal Albert Hall, 1993



SPECIAL THANKS TO:

Dave Evans

The guys who did Sneakers

The guys who made Microsoft Powerpoint

The guys who produce Coca-Cola and Mountain
Dew


Very few, if any, animals were harmed in the
making of this presentation


2001 || MMI || 11111010001 || 7D1

STARRING
(in alphabetical order):

Jonathan Erdman
Eric Hutchins
Stephen Liang
Portman Wills


GUEST APPEARANCES BY:

David Evans
David E. Evans face
Britney Spears Body



















Special assistants to Mr. Erdman
Whitfield Diffie
Maartin Hellman

Special assistants to Mr. Hutchins
Charles Babbage
Alan Turing

Special assistants to Mr. Liang
Ron Rivest
Adi Shamir
Leonard Adleman

Special assistants to Mr. Wills
Claude Shannon
Martin Bishop
Mother