Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Chapter Outline
Values Assessing Cultural Values Values in the Canadian Workplace Attitudes Managing Diversity in the Workplace
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Values
Values
Concepts or beliefs that guide how we make decisions about and evaluations of behaviours and events.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Importance of values
Values generally influence attitudes and behaviour.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human Values (New York: Free Press, 1973), p. 56.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Exhibit 3-2 Value Ranking of Executives, Union Members, and Activists (Top Five Only)
EXECUTIVES Terminal 1. Self-respect 2. Family security 3. Freedom Instrumental 1. Honest 2. Responsible 3. Capable UNION MEMBERS Terminal 1. Family security 2. Freedom 3. Happiness 4. Self-respect 5. Mature love Instrumental 1. Responsible 2. Honest 3. Courageous 4. Independent 5. Capable Terminal 1. Equality 2. A world of peace 3. Family security 4. Self-respect 5. Freedom ACTIVISTS Instrumental 1. Honest 2. Helpful 3. Courageous 4. Responsible 5. Capable
Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, The Values of Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and Normative Implications, in Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies, ed. W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 123-144. Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Ethical Values
Ethics
The study of moral values or principles that guide our behaviour, and inform us whether actions are right or wrong.
Ethical values are related to moral judgments about right and wrong.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Source: M. Javidan and R. J. House, Cultural Acumen for the Global Manager: Lessons from Project GLOBE, Organizational Dynamics, Spring 2001, pp. 289-305. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier. Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Generational Differences
The Elders (those over 60)
Core values: Belief in order, authority, discipline, and the Golden Rule
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Generational Differences
Generation X (born mid-1960s to early 1980s)
Thrill-seeking materialists, aimless dependents, social hedonists, new Aquarians, autonomous postmaterialists
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Cultural Differences
2001 immigrant population
44 percent of Torontos population 38 percent of Vancouvers 18.6 percent of Montreals
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Anglophone Values
Individualist or Icentred More task-centred Take more risks Value autonomy
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Aboriginal Values
More collectivist in orientation More community-oriented Greater sense of family in the workplace Greater affiliation and loyalty Power distance lower than non-Aboriginal culture Greater emphasis on consensual decision-making
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Asian Values
North America East and Southeast Asia
Guanxi relations: based on reciprocation Relationships meant to be longterm and enduring Enforcement relies on personal power and authority Governed by shame (external pressures on performance) Networked relations: based on self-interest Relationships viewed with immediate gains Enforcement relies on institutional law Governed by guilt (internal pressures on performance)
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Attitudes
Positive or negative feelings concerning objects, people, or events. Attitudes are less stable than values.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Types of Attitudes
Job Satisfaction
An individuals general attitude toward his or her job.
Organizational Commitment
A state in which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Source: Reprinted with permission from Journal of Applied Social Psychology 15 no. 1, p. 83. V. H. Winston and Sons, 360 South Beach Boulevard, Palm Beach, FL 33480. All rights reserved.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Organizational Commitment
Three Types of Commitment
Affective commitment
An individuals relationship to the organization.
Normative commitment
The obligation an individual feels to staying with an organization.
Continuance commitment
An individuals calculation that it is in his or her best interest to stay with the organization based on the perceived costs of leaving it.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Source: P. C. Earley and E. Mosakowski, Cultural Intelligence, Harvard Business Review 82, no. 10 (October 2004), pp. 139146. Reprinted with permission. Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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OB at Work
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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For Review
1. How does ethics relate to values? 2. Describe the GLOBE projects nine dimensions of national culture. 3. How might differences in generational values affect the workplace? 4. Compare Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal values. 5. What might explain low levels of employee job satisfaction in recent years. 6. Are satisfied workers productive workers? Explain your answer.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada
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3. 4.
Chapter 3, Nancy Langton and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Fourth Canadian Edition Copyright 2007 Pearson Education Canada