Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES
intolerance. - Controls malabsorption that may occur following surgery of the stomach - Reverse malabsorption caused by celiac disease.
LACTOSE-RESTRICTED DIETS
Are highly individualized diets that most often limit, but do not exclude, milk and milk products.
Treat malabsorption caused by a deficiency of
the milk is taken with food and in small at a time Yogurt contains bacteria that produce lactase and thus help digest lactose.
POSTGASTRECTOMY DIET
- POSTGASTRECTOMY
following surgery that removes all (total
POSTGASTRECTOMY DIET
This diet aims:
to provide the energy and nutrients necessary to
portion of the stomach containing the pyloric sphincter has been removed, bypassed, or disrupted is the DUMPING SYNDROME.
DUMPING SYNDROME
Rapid emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine. The symptoms that result from the rapid
Modifications:
Chew foods thoroughly
Rationale:
and absorbs these carbohydrates rapidly and breaks them down into many particles that draw fluids from the body into the intestine.
Modifications:
SFF
Rationale:
To fit the reduced storage
stomachs reduced storage capacity and slows the transit of food from the stomach to the intestine.
Modifications:
Dry solid diet
Rationale:
Better than liquids as they
enter the jejunum less rapidly. To help to slow transit of food to the intestine. Clients who experience reflux, however, should not lie down after eating.
intolerance may develop and add to the problem diarrhea and abdominal pain
Modifications:
DIET:
HIGH FAT HIGH CHON
Rationale:
Delays emptying of the
stomach
Increase colloidal osmotic
No simple sugars
POP QUIZ
Management of dumping syndrome is best accomplished by
A. Low CHON, High CHO B. Low residue, bland diet C. Fluid intake of at least
schedule
CELIAC DISEASE
Also called Celiac sprue/ Gluten-sensitive
enteropathy
PERMANENT inability to tolerate dietary gluten in the small intestine. A sensitivity to a part of the protein gluten that causes flattening of the intestinal villi and malabsorption.
Modifications:
HIGH Calories
HIGH CHON
Rationale:
To compensate for weight
loss
Gluten is the toxic factor
Low Fat
ELIMINATE B-R-O-W
B
R O W
BARLEY
RYE OAT WHEAT
POP QUIZ
Which of the statement needs further teaching, if
made by a parent of a two year old child recently diagnosed with celiac disease?
A. I dont have to make any major dietary changes until
my child reaches puberty. B. I have to keep my child on a gluten-free diet to prevent episodes of diarrhea. C. I should read the labels on any processed foods I offer to my child. D. I will need to notify my childs school about the special diet.
GALLBLADDER
LIVER PRODUCES BILE (CHOLESTEROL, BILE SALTS, BILIRUBIN & H2O) BILE DUCT
GALLBLADDER
GALLBLADDER
CHOLELITHIASIS
The formation or presence of stones in the
gallbladder or CBD.
CHOLECYSTITIS Is the inflammation of the gallbladder.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: 5 FS
FEMALE
FAT (OBESE)
FAIR (CAUCASIAN)
FORTY
FERTILE (MULTIGRAVIDA)
RATIONALE:
To rest inflamed
Clear liquid
Low calorie
Rationale:
To prevent stimulation and
POP QUIZ
Which of the following factors, if noted in patients history, would A. Hypertension B. Depression C. Obesity D. Childlessness
PANCREAS
FUNCTIONS
Secretes the enzymes necessary for the digestion
of CHO, CHON and FAT , together with bicarbonate-rich juices that provide the optimal pH necessary to activate these enzymes.
Stores digestive enzymes in an inactive form to
PANCREATITIS
The pancreas becomes inflamed, digestive enzymes are activated within the pancreas, and the enzymes damage the pancreas itself.
The blood picks up some of these enzymes;
thus serum amylase and lipase rise and serve as indicators of pancreatitis
CAUSES:
Alchohol abuse
Drugs (antihypertensives, diuretics, oral
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Most often develops as a consequence of
gallstones or alcoholism
Sudden severe abdominal pain, n/v and diarrhea
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
When severe pancreatitis or repeated episodes of pancreatitis permanently damage the pancreas, absorption, especially of fat, becomes permanently damage.
Rationale:
To prevent stimulation
pancreatic stimulations.
IVF Therapy
NGT To manage fluid deficit To remove gastrin from the
stomach and secretin from the duodenum and help relieve pain and digestion.
Rationale:
To prevent further damage to
the pancreas.
Avoid distention. Taken with meals Helps digest and absorb CHON
POP QUIZ
THE DIET OF THE CLIENT WITH PANCREATITIS SHOULD BE:
A.
B.
C.
D.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
A hereditary disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus(exocrine glands) that affects many organs including the
Dietary management:
Rationale:
Provide for weight gain.
To compensate for the
High Calories
High CHON Low Fat
loss.
Lack of enzyme to digest.
Dietary management:
Rationale
To provide deficient
Enzyme Replacements
LIVER
FUNCTIONS:
Metabolizes carbohydrate, protein, and fat so that energy is available to body cells. Stores glycogen, most vitamins, and many minerals. Manufactures cholesterol, which serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.
Packages lipids in lipoproteins for transport throughout the body. Manufactures bile to aid fat digestion.
Makes nonessential amino acid and keeps amino acid composition in the balance for energy use.
LIVER
Makes plasma proteins including lipoproteins, clotting and immune system factors, and protein that carry nutrients throughout the body.
Activates many nutrients.
Detoxifies drugs (including alcohol) and other substances that are harmful to the body.
Dismantles worn-out red blood cells and recycles the iron they contain.
HEPATITIS
Any acute inflammation disease of the liver.
TYPES:
ACUTE CHRONIC-
A. ACUTE
1.) VIRAL
HEPATITIS A
Is the highly contagious form that can be spread through contaminated foods and H2O and it between people living together, although usually resolves and does not become chronic.
HEPATITIS B
Can lead to a serious, permanent liver damage.
S/S: Fatigue high levels of ALT, AST Anorexia n/v Diarrhea or constipation fever Liver- tender and enlarged
HEPATITIS
2.) TOXIC HEPATITIS
Can be caused by drugs, alcohol, industrial toxins
B. CHRONIC
1.) ACTIVE
A d/o characterized by continuing hepatic necrosis, active inflammation and fibrosis which may lead to cirrhosis.
2.) PERSISTENT
SFF
IV fluids replacement
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Slow destruction of liver cells and proliferation of fibrous tissues eventually leading to scarring of the liver tissues.
Characterized by:
jaundice CNS dysfunction portal HPN splenomegaly ascites cachexia esophageal varices
Modifications:
High CHON
Rationale:
To regenerate hepatic cells
To prevent
hypoproteinemia
High CHO Low Fat Low Na Fluid restriction
edema
Modifications:
SFF
Full liquid diet
Rationale:
Better tolerance
To prevent irritation of
esophageal varices.
Thiamin supplements To prevent complications:
WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF
SYNDROME
POP QUIZ
On admission, a patient is having a symptoms of pancreatitis. Which of the following would have most likely contribute
to this diagnosis A. Increased CHON intake B. Smoking C. Excessive alcohol ingestion D. High cholesterol level
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