Behavioral Approach

The

Behavioral Approach says that people behave in the way that their environment has taught them to behave. approach stress the importance of environment rather than biological or cognitive factors as determinant of development..

Behavioral

Assumptions..

Behavior is continued..

primary learning comes from experience behavior changes when favorable condition events.

Behavior is predictable. Individual reacts in a predictable way to any given situation or stimulus depending on his/her learning.

According to this approach all the behavior ranging from simple to complex behaviors to learn. This approach to counseling for employees include four principles of learning namely ; Drive (motivation) Stimulus Response Reinforcement

 Every

response is considered modifiable by the use of an approach system of reinforcement. A response that is reinforced or rewarded is acquired while a response that is not rewarded is not acquired. Eg:Therapist might work with the parents of troubled child to help them set up a behavior mod program targeting their childs behavior.

Preconscious The therapist will try to help the parents to identify in what ways the undesired behavior is being reinforced and eliminate that reinforcement and also help them to develop their behavior.
This approach concerned with treating the present It says that past is something which cannot be changed, but the future can be modified

In behavior counseling the counselor takes a directive role. Behavior therapy consist of several simple steps such ; Identifying the undesirable or maladjusted behavior. Careful analysis of undesirable behavior.

Humanistic Approach
Humanistic psychologists believed that an individuals behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self image. Believe people are free to choose what to do with their lives are responsible for choice they make. Humanistic psychologists study how people are influenced by their self perceptions.

They emphasizes characteristics that are shared by all human beings such as love, grief, caring and self worth. Humanistic psychologist study how people are influenced by their self perception and the persons meanings attached to their experiences. This approach provide a distinct method of counselling and focuses predominately on an individuals unique, personal potential to explore creativity growth, love etc..

 Humanistic

psychology is not concerned with instinctual devices, responses to external stimuli or past experience.

Resources
Ivey, A. E., DAndrea, M., Ivey, M. B. and Morgan, L. S. (2002). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective, 5th ed. Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon. James, R. K. & Gilliland, B. E. (2003). Theories and strategies in counseling and psychotherapy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Kottler, J. A. (2002). Theories in counseling and therapy: An experiential approach. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

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