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EECE 279: Real-Time Systems Design Vanderbilt University Ames Brown & Jason Cherry
Topics Of Discussion
Why real-time face recognition? What is difficult about real-time face recognition? In general how is face recognition done? Eigenfaces Other face recognition algorithms Opposition Future of face recognition
Dynamic image
Video camera
FERET database
Contains images of 1,196 individuals, with up to 5 different images captured for each individual Often used to test face recognition algorithms Information on obtaining the database can be found here: http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/humanid/feret/
Face Detection
In General Locate face in a given image Separate it from the scene Different Approaches
Motion detecting and head tracking Face Space distance
Face Normalization
Adjustment
Expression Rotation Lighting Scale Head tilt
Eye location
Face Identification
Application of a face recognition algorithm
PCA Algorithms
Principle Component Analysis Look at the principal components of the distribution of faces, or the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the set of face images Eigenfaces
Eigenfaces Algorithm
Eigenfaces Initialization 1. Acquire an initial set of face images (the training set)
Eigenfaces Algorithm
2. Calculate the eigenfaces from the training set, keeping only the M images that correspond to the highest eigenvalues. These M images define the face space. As new faces are experienced, the eigenfaces can be updated or recalculated
Eigenfaces Algorithm
3. Calculate the corresponding distribution in M-dimensional weight space for each known individual, by projecting their face images onto the face space.
Eigenfaces Algorithm
Eigenfaces Recognition 1. Calculate a set of weights based on the input image and the M eigenfaces by projecting the input image onto each of the eigenfaces. 2. Determine if the image is a face at all by checking to see if the image is sufficiently close to face space. 3. If it is a face, classify the weight pattern as either a known person or as unknown. 4. (Optional) Update the eigenfaces and/or weight patterns.
Eigenfaces Problems
Recognition performance decreases quickly as the head size, or scale, is misjudged. The head size in the input image must be close to that of the eigenfaces for the system to work well In the case where every face image is classified as known, a sample system achieved approximately 96% correct classification averaged over lighting variation, 85% correct averaged over orientation variation, and 64% correct averaged over size variation
Questions?
References
M. Turk and A. Pentland. Eigenfaces for Recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3(1), 1991 C. Nastar and M. Mitschke. Real-Time Face Recognition Using Feature Combination. In Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Nara, Japan, April 1998 J. Gilbert and W. Yang. A Real-Time Face Recognition System using Custom VLSI Hardware. Harvard Undergraduate Honors Thesis in Computer Science, 1993.
Topics Of Discussion
Why real-time face recognition? What is difficult about real-time face recognition? In general how is face recognition done? Eigenfaces Other face recognition algorithms Opposition Future of face recognition
MATCH!
EECE 279: Real-Time Systems Design Vanderbilt University Ames Brown & Jason Cherry