MODULE 5

Manufacturing and Service Systems

SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Introduction;
IT in business, as there are business activities to be Performed, business problems to be solved, & business opportunities to be pursued. ISs are used to support each of the functions of the business that must be Accomplished.

MARKETING IS

PRODUCTION/ Mfg IS

FUNCTIONAL BUSINESS SYSTEMS

HRM IS

ACCOUNTING IS

FINANCE IS

Accounting IS
A/C ISs are the oldest & mostly widely used IS in business Computer based A/C systems produce records & reports, the flow of funds through an org & produce important financial statements such as balance sheet & income statements Operational A/C systems emphasize legal & historical record keeping & the production of accurate financial

Typically, these systems includes TPS such as order processing, inventory control, accounts receivable, A/C payable, payroll & general ledger systems Mgt A/C systems focus on the planning & control of business operations, & analytical reports comparing forecasted to actual performance

Accounting Information System (AIS)

AIS function is responsible for maintaining.. 1. Financial Records & Receipts 2. Depreciation 3. Payroll It is based on Double Entry book keeping concept. Helps in generating Balance Sheets & Income Statements. Statements.

In Brief Summary of Six widely used AIS

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

Order Processing: Captures & processes customer orders & produce data for inventory control. Inventory Control: Process data reflecting changes in inventory. Accounts Receivable: Records amount owed by customers & produces invoices. Accounts Payable: Records purchases from amounts owed to & payments for suppliers & produces cash management reports

Contnd.. Contnd..
V. Payroll: Records employee work & compensation data & produces pay checks & other payroll documents & reports. Vi. General Ledger: Consolidates data from other accounting systems & produces periodic financial statements & reports

Financial IS
Computer based financial IS supports business managers & Professionals in decisions. 1. The financing of a business 2. The allocation & control of financial resources
Cash Mgt Investment Mgt Capital budgeting Financial planning

Financial IS

Reports

Marketing & Sales IS

Marketing is concerned with the planning, promotion, & sale of existing products in existing market. Business firms have increasingly tuned to IT to help them to perform vital marketing functions in the face of the rapid changes of todays environment.

Marketing IS
Sales Management

Interactive marketing

Sales force Automation

CRM

Marketing Research & forecasting

Advertisement & Promotion

Product Management

Input Transaction Documents

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Customer order Order acceptance Delivery note Invoice, credit note, debit note Product sale Sales value Sales Tax Dealer & distribution Zone & customer Excise duty &export market, etc Information update Decision analysis Action update Operation update (customer complaints, order book, despatch repo

Accounting

Reports

Manufacturing IS
IS used for operations of mgt & transaction processing Support of all firms that must plan, monitor, & control inventories, purchases & flow of goods & services. IS helping them to plan & control their operations. Mfg IS help companies to simplify, automate, & integrate the many activities which are needed to produce Products. Examples; CAD & CAE, CAM

Mfg resource planning Systems Production forecasting Production scheduling Material Requirement planning Capacity planning Pro. Cost control Quality control

Mfg execution system

Engineering system

Shop floor scheduling Shop floor control Machine control Robotics control Process control

CAD
CAE

E R P

Com. Aided Process planning Product simulation & prototyping

Computer Integrated

Mfg

Input Transaction Documents

Production programme Production schedule Process planning sheet Quality assurance rating form Finished goods list Material requirement Customer order

Accounting
1. Quantity of production with respect to a time period 2. Material requirement & its usage 3. Use of power, fuel & consumables

Reports
Information update

HRM IS
Systems maintain Employees records, Track Employees skills, job performance, training, Employees compensation & Carrier development information by support planning.
Employees data (from various Dept) To pay roll

Employees Master file

HR Systems

Mgt Report

Online queries

Input Transaction Documents

 Personnel

application form  Appointment letter  Appraisal form  Wage/salary agreement  Record of complaints, grievances, accidents  Biodata, self & family Biodata,

Accounting
Attendance Manpower Leave Loans & deductions Skills Production data

Control
1. Probable absence versus workload 2. Projection of personnel cost against manpower increase, etc

Reports
Information update

IS in Banking
Banking is generally understood as a place where the financial services are offered, checking, savings, & providing credit to the customers. The customers choose the bank mainly on the following 3 factors; 1. The ease of doing business 2. The quality of personnel & service 3. The range of the financial service The MIS in banking industry revolves around this aspect. The customer of the bank would like to know the status of the A/C very fast to make decision on withdrawals or payments. Hence the MIS is to be designed to identify, decide & design a service strategy for offering a distinctive service to the wide range of customers seeking a variety of service demand. the following points should be taken care of while designing an MIS for a bank

Customer DB 1. Customer 2. Operator 3. Range of Service 4. Class of customers 5. Working Hours  Service to the A/C holders  Service for business promotions  The index monitoring system  Human resource upgrade


IS in Hospital
 It

is a missionary organisation established to provide health care services to the needy with the motto hospitals may handle a person who is not a patient and hence we call a person visiting a hospital a customer and not a Patient. Patient.

 The

Hence, the customer profile would includes besides a patient, an associate of a patient, a consultant, a medicine supplier and so on. The customer can easily discriminate between the quality of care and quality of caring, between treated medically and personally, being treated personally, between being served at least cost and served with efficiency an effectiveness.

Todays hospitals use a lot of medical hardware and software in health care activity. Health care based on diagnostic aids and assistance through an X ray, scanning, pathological tests, and knowledge base of case history etc. The role played by these aids is so vital and important that is called Medical Engineering The medical engineering has helped the medical professionals to improve health care and concentrate on diagnosis, prescriptions and treatment.

Front end applications

 Patient

database To handle the queries on the existing patients and the patients treated and discharged.  Medical server database Name, addresses, telephones , etc. of all medical staff including doctors, nurses, technicians. Holidays, work times, and locations on weekdays for contact.

 Resource

planning and control An online query facility to answer the number of queries on the availability, scheduling and rescheduling of the resources and the facilities.  For judging the usage of the facilities and to put them in proper use.

 Medical

case history database knowledge on the case history for the guidance and research. Monitoring the effect of the drugs to judge the efficiency in terms of the patients response. Analyse the health care demand and make planning for the health service.

BACK OFFICE APPLICATION

 Core


application

Man power and personnel planning Hospital billing and recovery Inventory contol, planning and expiry date management Resource utilisation and analysis

MIS IN SERVICE SECTOR

The mission in a service industry is of providing the most satisfying service to the customer IS IN HOTEL INDUSTRY  Traditionally hotels are meant as place for convenience.  Transition has taken place from convenience to comfort, to enjoyment to total service.  The hotel management always faces the problem of providing the best distinctive service to the customers.


The MIS for the hotel management addresses the issues of assessing the customer expectations and their perceptions and fulfilling them in the best possible manner. The MIS, therefore, has the following the responsibilities to provide the best information support. 1.Keep track of customers profile. 2.Monitoring occupancy level. 3.Project future needs. 4.Monitor the level of expectations. 5.Monitor the communication needs. 6.Customer data base.

Module 5 Ends

Thank You!