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1. It
is a new non voice value added service that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile telephone network. 2. It supplements today's Circuit Switched Data and Short Message Service
SPEED
1. Theoretical Maximum Speed Of up to 172.2 kbps. 2. It is about ten times as fast as current Circuit Switched Data services on GSM networks 3. It is less costly mobile data service compared to SMS and Circuit Switched Data
IMMEDIACY
1. It facilitates instant connections. 2. It is also referred as "always connected". 3. It is a very important feature for time critical applications such as remote credit card authorization
Service Access
1. To use GPRS, users specifically needs mobile phone or terminal that supports GPRS. 2. A subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports GPRS, use of GPRS must be enabled for that user. 3. Automatic access to the GPRS may be allowed by some mobile network operators, others will require a specific opt-in knowledge of how to send and/ or receive GPRS information using their specific model of mobile phone. 4. GPRS users can access any web page or other Internet applications
Network features
Packet switching Spectrum efficiency Internet aware Support TDMA & GSM
Packet Switching
1. GPRS involves overlaying a packet based air interface on the existing circuit switched GSM network. 2. In GPRS, the information is split into separate but related "packets" before being transmitted and reassembled at the receiving end
Spectrum Efficiency
1. Packet switching means that GPRS radio resources are used only when users are actually sending or receiving data. Rather than dedicating a radio channel to a mobile data user for a fixed period of time, the available radio resource can be concurrently shared between several users. 2. This efficient use of scarce radio resources means that large numbers of GPRS users can potentially share the bandwidth and be served from a single cell..
Internet Aware
1. GPRS fully enables Mobile Internet functionality by allowing inter-working between the existing Internet and the new GPRS network. 2. It Provide any service that is used over the fixed Internet today- File Transfer Protocol (FTP), web browsing, chat, email, telnet, etc.
GPRS Terminal
The term terminal equipment is generally used to refer to the variety of mobile phones and mobile stations that can be used in a GPRS environment. The equipment is defined by terminal classes and types
1.Class A Terminals: Class A terminals support GPRS and other GSM services (such as SMS and
voice) simultaneously. This support includes simultaneous attach, activation, monitor, and traffic. Class A terminals can make or receive calls on two services simultaneously
2. Class B Terminals: Class B terminals can monitor GSM and GPRS channels simultaneously but
can support only one of these services at a time. Therefore, a Class B terminal can support simultaneous attach, activation, and monitor, but not simultaneous traffic
3. Class C Terminals: Class C terminals support only sequential attaches. The user must select
which service to connect to. Therefore, a Class C terminal can make or receive calls from only the manually selected (or default) service
Mobility Management
An MS(Mobile Station) has three states in the GPRS system Active Standby Idle
Active
Data is transmitted between an MS and the GPRS network only when the MS is in the active state. In the active state, the SGSN knows the cell location of the MS. Packet transmission to an active MS is initiated by packet paging. When an MS has a packet to transmit, it must access the uplink channel .The uplink channel is shared by a number of MSs. The MS requests use of the channel in a random access message. The BSS allocates an unused channel to the MS and sends an access grant message in reply to the random access message.
Standby State
In the standby state, only the routing area of the MS is known. When the SGSN sends a packet to an MS that is in the standby state, the MS must be paged because the SGSN knows the routing area of the MS. On receiving the packet-paging message, the MS relays its cell location to the SGSN to establish the active state. The main reason for the standby state is to reduce the load in the GPRS network caused by cell-based routing update messages and to conserve the MS battery.
Idle State
In the idle state, the MS does not have a logical GPRS context activated. In this state, the MS can receive only those multicast messages that can be received by any GPRS MS. Because the GPRS network infrastructure does not know the location of the MS, it is not possible to send messages to the MS from external data networks
GPRS Process
1. Attach processProcess by which the MS attaches (i.e, connects) to the
SGSN in a GPRS network
y Base transceiver station (BTS) y Base station controller (BSC) y Base station subsystem (BSS) y Mobile switching center (MSC) y Authentication center (AuC) y Home location register (HLR) y Visitor location register (VLR)
GPRS Applications
The mobile services have unique characteristics which are: 1. MobilityThe ability to maintain constant voice and data communications while on the move 2. ImmediacyAllows subscribers to obtain connectivity when needed, regardless of location and without a lengthy login session 3. LocalizationAllows subscribers to obtain information relevant to their current location The combination of these characteristics provides a wide spectrum of possible applications that can be offered to mobile subscribers. These include: a) CommunicationsE-mail; fax; unified messaging; intranet/Internet access b) Value-added servicesInformation services; games c) E-commerceRetail; ticket purchasing; banking; financial trading d) Location-based applicationsNavigation; traffic conditions; airline/rail schedules; location finder e) Vertical applicationsSales Support, Parcel Delivery,Dispatching.