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Hassnain Siddiqui

INTRODUCTION
States fight with each other In 21st century; after World War-II states are working together like never before. . Nations are working together for:
Money Security/ safety Common culture

HISTORY
IGOs only began to be established in the 19th century Among the first were the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, initiated in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars Of notable significance was the emergence of the League of Nations following World War One, designed as an institution to foster collective security in order to sustain peace. League of Nation was not successful UN was established after WW-II for the purpose to provide a place for countries to talk about conflicts before they turn into war

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

DEFINITION
An international organization (or organization) is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types:
International nongovernmental organizationS Intergovernmental organizationS

INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (INGOS) International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) include non-governmental organizations(NGOs) that operate internationally. These may be either:
International non-profit organizations. Examples include the International Olympic Committee, World Organization of the Scout Movement, International corporations, referred to as multinational corporations. Examples include The Coca-Cola Company, Sony, McDonalds, and Toyota.

UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development,social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.

MISSION OF UN
To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples

MISSION OF UN
To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends

PAKISTAN AND UNITED NATIONS


Pakistan officially came to join the United Nations (UN) on September 30, 1947 just over a month after its independence. Today, it is a charter member and participates in all of the UN's specialised agencies. Pakistan has been elected a number of times into the UN Security Council. It is also one of the countries which have had a diplomat, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, serve a term as the President of the United Nations General Assembly

PAKISTAN AND UNITED NATIONS


Peacekeeping
The Pakistani military has made major contributions to peacekeeping missions in different parts of the world, the most prominent of which include Somalia, Sierra Leone, Bosnia, Congo and Liberia. As of present, Pakistan stands as the largest contributor of troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions in the world, and is followed by Bangladesh and India.

CURRENT DEPLOYEMENT
Start of operation 1999 Name of Operation United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) Location Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict Second Congo War Contribution 3556 Troops

2003

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) United Nations Operation in Burundi ONUB United Nations Operation in Cte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)

Liberia

Second Liberian Civil War Burundi Civil War

2741 Troops

2004

Burundi

1185 Troops

2004

Cte d'Ivoire

Civil war in Cte d'Ivoire

1145 Troops

2005

United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) Staff/Observers

Sudan

Second Sudanese Civil War

1542 Troops

191 Observers

The total amount of troops serving currently in peacekeeping missions is 10,173 (as of March, 2010).

WORLD BANK
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. By law, all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade and facilitate capital investment

WORLD BANK MISSION


"To fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results. To help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors.

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


Victims Of The Earthquake
The October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan destroyed or damaged around 575,000 rural houses, leaving more than 73,000 dead, and rendering over 3 million people without shelter in North West Frontier Province (KPK) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). In response, the government created the Earthquake Relief and Reconstruction Authority (ERRA) and launched an ambitious US$1.5 billion owner-driven rebuilding program

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund The World Bank funded Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund Project (PPAF) is designed to reduce poverty and empower the rural and urban poor in Pakistan through the provision of resources and services to the poor, especially women.

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


Improve education outcomes The World Bank is providing assistance to the Government of Pakistan in education reforms, at both the national and the provincial level. This support is provided through development policy operations with a strong focus on primary and secondary education

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


Focus on un-served and underserved lowincome communities
In KPK and AJK, Bank projects are supporting delivery of cost effective and sustainable community development schemes, and basic infrastructure and services, using participatory community-based approaches. To achieve this, the role and capabilities of local governments at the district and lower levels have been strengthened to extend technical, financial, and management support to Community-Based Organizations (CBOs)

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


HIV/AIDS
The HIV-AIDS situation is changing rapidly in Pakistan; the latest data indicate a concentrated epidemic among injecting drug users in several cities. The key challenge facing the country is to expand and improve quality of HIV preventive services to vulnerable groups that are most at risk of contracting and transmitting the disease. The World Bank is also organizing a region wide Development Market place in South Asia Region on Tackling HIV AND AIDS Stigma and Discrimination

WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN


Knowledge Bank
With operations in more than 180 member countries, we are uniquely positioned to share international best practice and provide world class analytical and research services to our clients. All our research work is publicly available. A revised policy on disclosure of information since 2002 has helped us reaffirm the importance of transparency and accountability in the development process. All our project documents are also available on our Pakistans external website.

SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)


The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation ofSouth Asian nations, founded in December 1985 by Ziaur Rahman and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance.

SAARC
Its seven founding members are: Sri Lanka Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh.

Afghanistan joined the organization in 2005.

SAARC
The 16 stated areas
of cooperation are:
Agriculture and rural, Biotechnology, Culture, Energy, Environment, Economy and trade, Finance, Funding mechanism, Human resource development, Poverty alleviation, People to people contact, Security aspects, Social development, Science and technology; Communications, Tourism .

SAARC
SAARC has intentionally laid more stress on "core issues" mentioned above rather than more decisive political issues like the Kashmir dispute and the Sri Lankan civil war. . During the 12th and 13th SAARC summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members to fight terrorism.

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION


The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT), which commenced in 1948.

Functions
Among the various functions of the WTO, these are regarded by analysts as the most important:
It oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements. It provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes

GROUP OF EIGHT
The Group of Eight (G8, and formerly the G6 or Group of Six then G7) is a forum, created by France in 1975, for the governments of seven major economies: Canada,France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1997, the group added Russia, thus becoming the G8.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)


The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.

Strengths of IGOs
They hold state authority. Their institutions are permanent. They provide a forum for discussion. They are issue specific. They provide information. They allow multilateral cooperation.

Weaknesses of IGOs
Membership is limited. Prohibits the membership of private citizens. This makes IGOs undemocratic. In addition, not all IGOs allow universal membership. IGOs often overlap resulting in a complex network. States have to give up part of their sovereignty, which weakens the state's ability to assert its authority. Inequality among state members creates biases and can lead powerful states to misuse these organizations.

Think overseas Thank You!


Hassnain Siddiqui

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