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Enhanced Data GSM Environment

Justin Champion Room C208 - Tel: 3273


www.staffs.ac.uk/personel/engineering_and_technology/jjc1

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Contents
Why do we need it?


Video-on-Demand

MMS EDGE Benefits over GPRS

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Increased Data Use


As discussed last week the introduction of increased data rates technology will take place over time. Each of these introductions will then allow development towards 3G.


3G UMTS

2.5 G EDGE GPRS

Each of these technologies will be built upon to allow 3G


Last week we introduced GPRS This week we are looking at EDGE Both are referred to as 2.5G technology

2G GSM

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Edge
Will allow another step towards the use of 3G This will allow the infrastructure to grow and improve


Consider what would happen if a network went from 9.6 Kbps data access to 2Mbps in a short time
It would not be able to cope as the companies would not be available to update the entire network infrastructure that quickly

The network infrastructure would not cope and upgrades will be required.
This is already a consideration with EDGE level access 20 devices receiving a football stream at 200 (reasonable quality) Kbps in a town centre  Base station needs 20 * 200 = 4 Mbps Now consider how many other base stations are also requesting the same data?

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Edge
Is now being considered as a replacement for 3G Vodafone are intending to allow EDGE services this year


Vodafone are pushing Edge now as a 3G technology


It will be available later this year via a data card attached to your laptops  Intended for business data users only initially  Manchester, Liverpool and London are the cities it will operate within  (www.computerweekly.com/Article127287.htm, 2004)

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




The amount of value added services is predicted to increase


To allow a greater choice of these services a higher throughput will be required for the devices Device will always have limited storage in comparison to what is available for them
 

A solution to this is to provide those services on-demand and download them. After use these can be deleted with no impact on the actual device
Video on Demand is an example of this Location based services i.e. show me a web cam of the inside of the Peking Temple restaurant now!

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Video-on-Demand (VOD)
Two choices for VOD


Stream the entire film across the network in real-time


Sensitive to any delays in the network A powerful enough server would be needed to supply the demand Does not need a large amount of storage on the actual device

Download parts of the film in the background to the device and play it when the film is in the storage of the device
Device will need sufficient storage Some method would be needed to know what a person might be interested in  A pre-registration scheme for example with a football match

A scheme somewhere between the two would be ideal


Part of the video would be downloaded to get the viewer watching whilst the rest would be downloaded in real-time

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)


With increased data rates and expectations we now have MMS as a replacement for SMS MMS is designed to allow multimedia elements to be sent between compatible devices
 

Currently this consists mostly of photos The standards allow for


Video Pictures Audio Text Expansion for future use

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




MMS continued
Based on a Open standard


Allows for expansion and developments


(http://www.lebodic.net/mms_resources.htm, 2003)

MMS is not part of the GSM standard and can be implemented on any network infrastructure


High throughput networks are not necessarily required for MMS to operate
MMS messages will be trickled in the background to your device You will only receive notification once all of the message has been processed Unlike SMS, MMS will need to be transported in multiple packets of data

MMS supports as base set of requirements


   

JPEG, GIF, PNG, SVG-Tiny (2D Vector Graphics) SP-MIDI (Synthetic sound) MPEG-4 ASCII Text

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




MMS PDU
Specifications in details can be found at


www.openmobilealliance.org/wapdocs/wap-209-mmsencapsulation-20020105-a.pdf

Enhanced Data GSM Environment


 

MMS continued Charging for MMS


Issues around how to charge and who to charge
  

At the moment the sender pays


Not a problem with the current relatively small amount of data sent

Consideration needs to be given to who will pay for delivery


When larger video files are transferred

Latest standard allows for the sender to pay for any reply to a message
This may be used by companies for advertising, equivalent of a free phone number

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




EDGE
Developed by Erricson for the benefit of the loser in the 3G spectrum bidding Operates at a theoretical 384 Kbps within the current GSM transmission bands


This means that a company who has not paid for out 3G can still provide fast data services Companies that have bought 3G spectrum, will benefit from the infrastructure put in place for EDGE, as this will be used for UMTS The current Base stations will require a new transceiver and a software upgrade to allow EDGE transmission
This can take place as and when the normal BS are being serviced

Current infrastructure


This allows for a wider coverage than will be available at least initially with the UMTS network. Obviously there are still the same issues as GPRS in respect that a channel that is used for EDGE takes one away from a voice call

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




EDGE continued
The data transferred is transferred using 8 Phase shifting Key (8 PSK)
  

This can change and will be discussed further in a further slide This allows the transfer of 3 bits in each modulation Three times GPRS and one of the reason why EDGE is 3x faster
EDGE is more sensitive to errors and as such needs to be close to the transmitter to allow maximum throughput of data

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




EDGE continued
Works the same as GPRS as in a single GSM frame is divided between the transmission
Channel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Use of the Channel Voice AAAABBABBAAAAFA Voice AAABAABAAAFAAAA AAAFAFAFFFAFFFFB BBBBABABAFFFFFFF Voice FFAFFAFFABABBBBB Data Users A = User 1 B = User 2 F = User 3 In this instance we have 3 voice calls and 3 users receiving data

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




EDGE
As with GSM and GPRS will have separate downlink and uplink channels A discussion is currently taking place regarding the use of 8-PSK As the internet is a download intensive environment
 

8-psk may only be used in the downlink Uplink may well remain as the GSM GMSK

This will reduce the overhead of the 8-PSK

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Quality
EDGE uses packets which are physically closer together than the GPRS system


This increases the likelihood of error taking place As with GPRS, EDGE has a number of coding schemes to allow for these errors
They range from  MSC1 to MCS4 (using GMSK modulation)  MSC5 to MSC9 (using the 8PSK modulation)

Coding Scheme


As with other wireless technologies


The best transmission rate is used to start and then a lower one will be selected until successful communications can take place

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Quality
The code rate indicates how much of the packet is data (including headers) and how much is error checking code


MCS3 indicates that 15% of the packet is error checking code Data Rate
8.8 Kbps 11.2 Kbps 14.8 Kbps 17.6 Kbps 22.4 Kbps 29.6 Kbps 44.8 Kbps 54.4 Kbps 59.2 Kbps

Modulation
MSC1 MSC2 MSC3 MSC4 MSC5 MSC6 MSC7 MSC8 MSC9

Modulation Technique
GMSK GMSK GMSK GMSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK 8PSK

Code Rate
0.53 0.66 0.85 1 0.37 0.49 0.76 0.92 1

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Packet Handling improvements over GPRS


If a packet is sent which arrives corrupted


GPRS will send the packet again using the same modulation technique EDGE will lower the modulation technique used and send the packet again.
The lowering of the modulation is a problem  The available data in a new packet is reduced EDGE allows for resegmentation and the packet being sent again This allows EDGE to send packets at a rate which would normally corrupted and then resend them again when a error takes place

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Error checking continued


Receipts for frames


In GPRS a maximum addressing number is 128


The window for receipts is a maximum of 64 This means that after a sequence of packets are sent an acknowledgement for the last (at most) 64 packets is sent If one of these packets were in error that packet must be resent based on the addressing number This can be an issue with large amounts of data being sent in error as the addressing window will restart again at 0  Indicating that an incorrect packet maybe resent  In this event the entire frame sequence would need sending again to the device

EDGE
Has increased the addressing number to 2048 and the window is now 1024  Thereby reducing the chance of lost packets

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Error checking continued


Forward Error Checking (FEC)


As discussed previously it is better to send some redundant bits with each packet, which in the event of error can be used to mathematically recreate the original packet
Alternative is to send each packet again with an increased rate of FEC

EDGE
Will send the packet again, but the new packet will be combined with the original packet to recreate the corrupted part of the packet  No increase in the amount of FEC bits are sent the same number are sent again, but using different bits.

Correctly received packets


The FEC bits are a waste of available bandwidth!

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Working out the correct sending rate


This is a particular issue for data communications, rather than voice To carry this out the radio environment needs measuring


Measuring for Bit error rate, carrier strength, interference, etc.

Once measurements are made the correct coding scheme can be selected


Measurements can be taken on every burst of data sent


These measurements are used to generate the Bit Error Probability (BEP) Several of these taken can be used to give an accurate reading of the quality of the signal and to calculate the velocity of the device

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Rollout Stages
Phase 1
 

Introduce single and multi-slot packet switched services Introduce single and Multi-slot circuit switched services Web Use Email Real-time services
VOIP Video Conferencing

Phase 2
  

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Interleaving of data
The data is sent in bursts
 

These bursts refer to the amount of information sent If one of the bursts arrives corrupted the entire burst sequence needs sending again The sequence of the packets being sent is referred to as a radio block GRPS
The radio block are interleaved into 4

A radio block
  

EDGE
The radio block are interleaved into 2

Increased throughput


The potential for interference in the EDGE system has now been reduced by a half
Assuming all other factors remain the same

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Infrastructure
will not need adding to from the GPRS environment

(www.ericsson.com/products/white_papers_pdf/edge_wp_technical.pdf, 2003)

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Infrastructure
Changes


Base station System GRPS Protocol (BSSGP)


Different quality of services are required require minor changes to the GPRS standards The other changes are obviously taking place in the layers 0 and 1 of the device and the base station

A EDGE Based device will be able to communicate with GPRS




If a EDGE based service is not available at the time

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




QOS classes
The classes which are supported by EDGE are the same as UMTS


Conversational
Real-Time communications highest priority  Two way communications

Streaming
Video audio files, time dependent  One way communication

Interactive
WWW usage, telnet etc  Reduced request response time

Background
SMS, email, MMS  Best effort delivery

Each of the communications will be issued with one of these classes.




This will depend ion the technology being used for EDGE

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Problem with the installation of EDGE


No Killer App YET !


There is no reason at this stage for user to want a EDGE based phone Apples i-pod (http://www.apple.com/ipod/, 2003) Allows the downloading of music onto the device, with 20Gb of storage
Consider if these songs were downloaded in the background of your phone and you pay for them. You specify and pay for the album a few days in advance Albums available to you the second they are released Massive potential, with records that shops usually sell out of

Potential killer app maybe the downloading of music


 

Enhanced Data GSM Environment




Summary
Why do we need it?


Video-on-Demand

MMS EDGE Benefits over GPRS

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