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Wireless Communication Design

Vita Ville Bignay, Valenzuela City To Quezon Road Sta.Monica, Pampanga
By: Aquino, Dante S. Abello,Dennis Coplanga, Alfonsolito Tabing, Reymar Reyes, Jerry

INTRODUCTION

Our wireless communication design is a single hop microwave link between Vita Ville Bignay, Valenzuela City and Quezon Road Sta. Monica Pampanga. The location of two sites is a dense populated area but it has a good economic condition. The design will tackle all the different parameters in designing microwave link, from getting the path profile of the sites, identifying each terrain type for a certain area along the path length , and computed the normal condition of earth bulge. It will also identify on how to compute the First Fresnel Zone and considered the 60% of it to meet the requirements to get the Line of sight. Also we considered the 15m of tree growth to overcome the obstruction.

At the middle of the design, it will show the computations for getting the sites coordinates, the great circle distance, antenna orientation and the vertical panning of angle. It will also identify the computations for Fresnel clearance, highest obstruction and for the reflection point. For the transmission calculation, from choosing the frequency selection which our chosen frequency belongs to C-band, getting the Antenna gain which also consider the computations for system gain, free space loss and total losses. It will also emphasize the calculations for the fade margin and for the reliability without hot standby, with hot standby and using the redundant system which is the frequency diversity. After considering the all parameters needed, our design meet requirements to achieve the 99.9999% of reliability, and it has unavailability of 0.2175 seconds per year.

OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN

The microwave link design between Vita Ville Bignay Valenzuela City (site A) with a coordinates of 14450.00 Latitude and 12100.25 Longitude to Quezon Road Sta. Monica, Pampanga (site B) also with the coordinates of 1500.00 Latitude and 120450.45 Longitude, site is a single hop microwave link. The distance between the two site is 38.63 Km. where site B is the less elevated with an elevation of 7m above the sea level, located at Quezon road Sta. Monica Pampanga, while our Site A is the more elevated with an elevation of 29m above sea level, located at Vita Ville Bignay, Valenzuela City. The location is composed of almost 63% ricefield, thus it motivate us to calculate the reflection which fall on 20.83km from Pampanga site. The frequency used in this design is 6.775 GHz and for the equipment and required parameters for the design, we used the following.

a) Radio System = Alcatel 9667 LSY family with a frequency range of 6.425 to 7.125 GHz. b) Microwave Antenna = HPX6-65,has a 1.8m in diameter, and built-in with radome by Andrew Corporation. c) Radome = Hypalon High Performance with a 0.5dB loss when it comes to specification and made also by Andrew Corporation. We it used as protection in high wind loading. d) Tower = ASDM 58m high Medium tower which is 3 legged self supporting made by Andrew Corporation. e) Waveguide = Heliax EWPS 63S with an attenuation of 4.58dB/100m and a frequency range of 6.425-7.125 GHz also by Andrew Corporation.

For safety and protection system, we used the ERITECH system 1000 for lightning protection and Dialight 264 series beacon light for tower safety, ERITECH System 1000 incorporated 6 major concepts which includes. a) Capture the lightning strike. b) Convey this energy to ground. c) Dissipate energy into grounding system. d) Bond all ground points together. e) Protect incoming AC power feeding. f) Protect low voltage data / telecommunication circuits.

Dialight is a LED medium intensity beacon light w/c has 8-10 years expected light and low power consumption of less than 50 watts. When it comes to reliability, we achieve the 99.999983% by using the hot standby equipment with the unavailability of 22.338 seconds per year. However, this reliability may be affected by natural disaster such as flood w/c may change the states of our reflection points. In order to maintain this reliability and further improve it, we employed the frequency diversity technique in our system. We achieved the 99.999999316% by using the frequency diversity technique, and the new unavailability is 0.2157seconds per year.

For equipment failure protection, we consider the hot standby system and employed the used of UPS and generator in case of power interruption. The design vastly considered the manufacturers specifications of the equipments used in order to achieve the desired reliability of the system. This lends a hand for the system to permit microwave signal transmission with less noise and errors, thus limiting the outage time ratio.

APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE DESIGN

The application of our design may be used in any of the following

 Point-to-Point link as a backbone or tail of large networks for common carriers, specialized common carriers, private or government entities.  Point-to-Multipoint system for TV, Telephony, data or various mixes thereof.  Transport of TV or other video signals such as community antenna television (CATV) head-end extension, broadcast transport, and studio-transmitter links. Specialized digital and digital networks.

 Power and pipeline companies for the transport of telemetry, command, and control information.  Air traffic control centre interconnectivity.  Short haul applications such as linking offices and buildings in congested urban areas, final connectivity for common carrier, specialized common carriers, tails off fiber optics trunks.  Military application: fixed point-to-point, point-tomultipoint, and transportable point-to-point.

DESIGN OBJECTIVE

Our design aims to employ the most up-to-date technology in microwave system planning and design to guarantee the Line of Sight for the microwave link. The design explicitly took into concern the essential technical specifications of the equipment to be used, predominantly on antenna and radio specifications that will meet the requirements of implementing a reliable microwave link. As a final point, in order to obtain a 99.9999% reliability of the overall system, we considered a protected (1+1) or hot standby ratio and used of redundant system which is the frequency diversity technique. In order to realize the essence of the study, the following objectives were considered:

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
To design an effective and reliable microwave communication link between Vita Ville Bignay, Valenzuela City to Quezon Road Sta. Monica Pampanga.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
1) To be aware of the different parameters in designing a medium haul microwave link. 2) To establish an unobstructed point-to-point line of sight communication link. 3) To achieve reliability of 99.9999% on both microwave link.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

efficient communication, it will be hardly achieved. Because of fast technological advancements, communication systems have been developed to provide solutions in bringing the gap towards human convergence. This design helps the researchers in theoretical and actual planning needed to put up reliable microwave communication links. As future engineers, it prepares them to experience actual practice in the field of Electronics and Communications Engineering to apply engineering laws, theories, methods, practices and techniques used in designing a microwave communication system. It will also help them to be exposed in the modern wireless technologies being utilized today.

To all the companies, government agencies, private institutions, and the residents of the proposed sites, this study is of great help because they can adapt all the possible principles that will arise in the study if it fits to the study structure of the said beneficiaries especially, when it comes to communication link. To the students, this design will help them as reference to give them ideas in designing point-topoint single hop microwave communication system.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In pursuit of our design, we have encountered such problems that we can conquer to make our design much reliable. First, we consider how to achieve a point to point transmission of data between Valenzuela and Pampanga through microwave system. Secondly, we identify all the different factors that can affect propagation of a microwave, we also consider all the different parameters to achieve efficient and reliable microwave system. Third, we clarify on how to provide a line of sight for every two sites with respect to the topography of the microwave path involved. And lastly, on how can we highly consider all the parameters in order to obtain 99.9999% reliable for the whole design.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

SCOPE:
 Selection of sites that will ensure Line of Sight (LOS) condition and the development of path profile to support the said condition.  Reliable microwave system that links the two selected sites.  The design utilizes NTC frequency assignments.  The design vigilantly based several of the parameters according to the Andrew specifications.  Tower and floor layouts of microwave towers will also be presented.  The service to be rendered is voice and data. Lightning arrester and beacon will also be specified. We used also the Frequency Diversity Technique to increase the reliability.

DELIMITATIONS:

 Cost analysis is not considered in this design due to time constraints.  National Telecommunication Commission (NTC) licensing is not included.