DEICING OF TRANSMISSION LINE

CONTENTS
Introduction Methods Heating

and mechanical deicing High frequency high voltage excitation Theory How to achieve uniform heating? Problems faced & methods of elimination Conclusion Reference
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INTRODUCTION
In many cold regions of the world, transmission lines are subjected to atmospheric ice accumulation Collapse of transmission line Repair expenses-high Emergence of deicing

PREVENTION OF ICE ACCUMULATION

METHODS

1)Heating and mechanical deicing [up to 245 kv] 2) High frequency, high voltage excitation [315-735 kv]

METHOD 1

Heating and mechanical deicing

Using rollers, conductor heating Up to 245 kv Not widely used

METHOD 2

 

 

HIGH FREQUENCY HIGH VOLTAGE EXITATION 315-735 kv High frequency excitation of 8-200 KHz is used for deicing Ice becomes a lossy dielectric & heats ice In addition skin effect causes resistive losses &heating

System used in two different ways

1)Lines with chronic icing-system permanently attached to a section of line 2)Mounted to a truck & dispatched in an emergency to rescue a section of line
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THEORY

Source of excitation current - high frequency high voltage power inverter

 Coupling

line

circuit connect inverter to transmission of coupling circuit

Functions

o o

Low impedance path for high frequency excitation current Insulation between transmission line & inverter

Most

appropriate configuration- series combination of capacitor & inductor

 Capacitor-

Voltage Insulation

Inductor

along with capacitor- low impedance and inductor work in resonance

Capacitor

Trap-

omit high frequency current prior entering HV substation

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STANDING WAVE

Two waves- equal magnitude, wavelength, sped, frequency Move in opposite direction Displacement of two wave add Non traveling vibration Oscillate up & down

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ACHIEVING UNIFORM HEATING

High frequency power excitation produce standing waves unless line is terminated Ice dielectric heating / skin effect resistive heating act alone Uneven heating

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SOLUTIONS
SOLUTION 1 Terminate the line

Running waves are produced Entail large energy flow Energy greater than energy dissipation in ice

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DISADVANTAGE

Power capability of source increases Termination- capable of dissipating/recycling the power Expensive Not used

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SOLUTION 2 Use standing wave

Apply two heating effect in complementary fashion If magnitude in proper ratio-total heating is uniform

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16

Total heating have ripple Acceptable Requires high total input power Ripple free total heating- adjust frequency

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Frequency adjustment affects Dielectric loss in ice Skin effect loss in conductor

1. 2.

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CONCLUSION
The application of high-frequency electric field to melting ice on power transmission lines appears promising. Combined dielectric heating & skin effect heating can be used to achieve uniform heating despite standing wave patterns.

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REFERENCE
1.

Sullivan C R Breaking the ice driving power transmission lines with high frequency, high voltage excitation. IEEE Industrial Application Magazine vol.9 no:5 PP 49-54 J.D. McCurdy, C.R. Sullivan, and V.F. Petrenko,Using dielectric losses to de-ice power transmission lines with 100 khz high-voltage excitation, in Conf. Rec. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annu. Meeting, 2001, pp. 2515-2519.Lawrence J Frequency and time domain analysis vol.32 Januvary 1996 IEEE . J. Hu and C.R. Sullivan, Optimization of shapes for round-wire high-frequency gapped-inducto windings, in Conf. Rec. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annu. Meeting, 1998, pp. 900-906. 21

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