NUTRITION

NUTRTION

-INTRODUCTION All living organism need food to survive  Food contains various type of nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals  The intake of nutrients by living organisms is known as nutrition  Food is needed by living organisms (a) to maintain health (b) as a source of energy (c) to carry out life processes such as breathing, growing, excreting and reproducing The energy content of a food is known as its calorific value The calorific value of a food can be determined by using a bomb calorimeter

-INTRODUCTION-

The diagram show the instrument bomb calorimeter that is used to determine the calorific value of a food

What is Nutrition?
- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms - The unit used to measure the energy contained in food is calorie (kJ) - The calorific value of food is the total energy released from food when it is oxidized completely in body The table shows that the food have different calorific value
Class of food Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Calorific value (kJ) 17.2 22.2 38.5

VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE

CLASSES OF FOOD

CARBOHYDRATE

PROTEIN

CLASSES OF FOOD WATER FATS

VITAMINS/MINERALS

ROUGHAGE

CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy - Examples that food that rich in carbohydrates is:1. Rice 2. Beef Food that have major calories in carbohydrates 3. Bread

Carbohydrates shown right contains starch that needs to keeps on control in intake

FATS
- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs - Food that rich in fats:(a) Chocalate (b)Pizza (c)Cheese

These food cannot take excessively !!!

VITAMINS/MINERALS

- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health - Food rich in vitamins (a)Vitamin A Carrots (b)Vitamin B-Tablets, tempe

(c)Vitamin C-mostly vegetables and fruits

PROTEIN
- Protein builds new cells for growth and replace damage cells - Examples food rich on protein (a) Fish (b) Grain (c) Assorted beans

Protein makes a person to grow in height.

-WATER- Water is a medium that is needed in the body for chemical reactions in our body.

We should take 8 glasses of water a day

-ROUGHAGE- Roughage helps the movement of food through digestive tract (to avoid constipation) -Food that rich on roughage:(a)Fruits (b)Vegetables (c)Nuts (e)Barly

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-

- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than the old people - This is because they are still growing and needs more energy to undergo the process - Old people need less energy ; because they are less active
-Less(old people)

-More(teenegers)

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

Generally, males need more calories than female

because:(a) Male are more active than females (b) Males have large body size than females

- An individual with big body size need more calories than smaller sized individual because:(a) There are no weight to support (b) There are more cell to feed

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

-A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer requires more calories than an office worker. -This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscular contraction

-A healthy person generally requires more calories than one who is sick. -This is because is sick person is generally less active or be bedridden

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories than ones who is in a warm place -This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost from our body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will be needed to maintain a constant body temperature

Need more (cold surroundings) Need less (warm surroundings)

HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION

- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients in correct quantity - Dietition are people who are trained to give people advice about what they eat or drink to be healthy - Improper nutrition can lead to health problems such as:CLICK ANY OF THE TOPIC TO VIEW MALNUTRITION OBESITY

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

MALNUTRITION
- A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet contains insufficient or an excess amount of certain nutrients - Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, list of problem will be shown on the next slide.

High blood pressure

Scurvy Diabetes Kwashiorkor

Gout Rickets

MALNUTRITION
Disease/health disorder High blood pressure Cause Symptoms Can be prevent with:-exercise -eat less food contain fat -eat less sweet food -eat more fruits and vegetables Consume more seafood's -Drink more milk -Expose to sunlight -Reduce taking protein foods -eat liver,egg,carrots more often -excessive intake of -mostly without salt, fat , cholesterol symptoms -excessive intake of sugar -lack of vitamin c -lack of protein -lack of vitamin d -excessive protein -lack of vitamin A -presence of sugar on urine -bleeding gums -diarrhoea -accumulation fluid -soft bones - Bow leggedness -pain in joints -disposition uric acid -poor vision in dim light

Diabetes Scurvy Kwashiorkor Rickets Gout Night blindness

OBESITY
- A person is said to be overeating when he takes in more than what his body needs - The extra calories will be stored in the form of fats under the skin and around organs THIS SHOULD - This can lead to obesity.
BE PREVENTED BY REGULAR EXERCISE

THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

-HEART ATTACK -DIABETES -HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

-ANOREXIA- Anorexia is a psychological illness - Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weight and starving oneself to become thin and underweight. - It occurs more often in adolescent females than males - It can develops slimming which makes a person dislike eating or refusing to eat - As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight

-Death can occur due to extreme starvation. - It usually needs counseling to treat it.

DISEASES RESULTING FROM UNHEALTHY EATING HABITS - Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases - The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habits and their consequences
Unhealthy eating habit
-Eating too much meat food which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol Overeating, especially over consumption of carbohydrates and fats -Eating too much snacks and junk food, especially which high in salt - Irregular meal times or skipping meal to often
-Eating too fat and swallowing food

Consequences
-narrowing of arteries due to deposit of cholesterol - Diabetes

-High blood pressure - Diabetes - Gastric ulcers

- Indigestion

without proper chewing

GOOD NUTRITION AND GOOD EATING HABITS

- Many health problems and diseases are related to improper nutrition and bad eating habits - We should take good nutrition and practice good eating habits - We should take balanced diet - A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the right amount, in accordance with the needs of our body - It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables, moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats and sugar as possible. - Using a food pyramid will help a balanced diet in daily life

-FOOD PYRAMIDTHE FOOD PYRAMID

ONCE YOU TAKING NUTRITION BASED ON FOOD PYRAMID,YOUR DAILY INTAKE NUTRIENT IS BALNCED AND HEALTHY

-SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FORM 5 -NEXUS PRO SCIENCE -INTERNET SITES -PUAN NOR DIANA AS CONSULANT TEACHER -VIDEOS FROM YOUTUBE FOR MORE INFO -SCIENCE FORM 5 TEXT BOOK-MAIN SOURCE

PREPARED BY:MUSTAFIZURAHMAN 5UKM