BY MS RAHUL IXTH A

An organism is a living thing. Animals and plants are organisms.

Organisms are a biotic (living), part of the environment.

ORGANISMS HAVE FIVE BASIC NEEDS

They need air, water, nutrients (food), energy and a place to live.

CLASSIFICATION IS A SYSTEM OF ARRANGING ORGANISMS IN CLASSES OR GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIPS.

FOUR FACTORS USED TO CLASSIFY

1. They have similar structures 2. They have similar behaviors 3. They eat the same kinds of things 4. They have the same chemical make up.

PANTHER CLASSIFICATION

THE EXTENDED LINNAEAN HIERARCHY MAY CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING TAXONOMIC RANKS.

SIMPLE SINGLE CELLED Example: Bacteria

TYPES OF BACTERIA

HELPFUL TYPES a. Decomposers b. Yogurt

HARMFUL TYPES a. Pathogens cause disease b. Strep throat

COMPLEX SIMPLE SINGLE CELLED a. EUGLENAS- Make their own food

b. PROTOZOANS Depend on getting food from other sources.

AMOEBA

PAREMECIUM

1. MANY CELLED ORGANISMS 2. DEPEND ON OTHERS FOR FOOD TYPES OF FUNGI a. SAPROPHYTES- eat dead things
AGARICUS

b. PARASITES attack living tissues

BREAD MOULD

PENICILLIUM

ASPERGILLUS

YEAST

1. MANY CELLED ORGANISMS 2. MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD  Process called photosynthesis

Trees, Flowers, and Grass Flowers,

EG:- SPIROGYRA, ULOTHRIX, CHARA ETC. EG:- MARCHANTIA, FUNARIA, RICCIA ETC.

EG:- MARCELIA, FERN ETC.

EG:- PINUS, CYCAS ETC.

EG:- PAPHIOPEDILUM, IPOMOEA ETC.

1.THALLOPHYTA 1.THALLOPHYTA
 PLANT BODY IS NOT WELL DIFFERENTIATED. IT IS CALLED THALLUM OR THALLOID.

SPIROGYRA

ULOTHRIX

CHARA

2. BRYOPHYTA
    REPRESENT GAMETOTYPHIC & SAPROPHYTIC GENERATION VASCULAR TISSUE ABSENT BODY DIVIDED INTO ROOT, STEM & LEAVES FOUND IN MOIST AND SHADDY PLACES

MARCHANTIA

FUNARIA

RICCIA

3.PTERIDOPHYTA
 BODY IS DIFFERENTIATED INTO ROOT, STEM & LEAVES.  VASCULAR TISSUE IS PRESENT.

MARCELIA

FERN

4. GYMNOSPERMS
 IT BEAR NAKED SEEDS.  PLANTS ARE USUALLY PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN & WOODY

PINUS

CYCAS

5. ANGIOSPERMS

PAPHIOPEDILUM

IPOMOEA

1. MANY CELLED ORGANISMS 2. CONSUME OTHER ORGANISM FOR FOOD 3. MOST ANIMALS ARE MOBILE IN SEARCH OF FOOD & SHELTER

1. PORIFERA
 THESE ARE MOTILE ANIMALS  FOUND ATTACHED TO SOME SOLID SUPPORT

2. COELENTERATA
 THEY LIVE IN WATER.  SHOWS MORE BODY DESIGN DIFFERENTION  DIPLOPLASTIC

3. PLATYHELMINTHES
 MORE COMPLEXLY DESIGNED  TRIPLOBLASTIC  BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL

4. NEMATODA
       BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL TRIPLOBLASTIC A SORT OF BODY CAVITY IS CALLED PSEUDOCOELOM MOST WORMS ARE PARASITIC PARASITIC WORMS CAUSES DISEASES FILARIAL WORMS CAUSES ELEPHANTIASIS WORMS FOUND IN INTESTINE PIN OR ROUND WORM)

5. ANNELIDA
       SEGMENTAL WORMS ANIMALS ARE BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL TRIPLOBLASTIC HAVE A TRUE BODY CAVITY OR COELOM ALLOWS TRUE ORGAN TO BE PACKED IN THE BODY OCCURS IN SEGMENTED FASHION THE SEGMENTS LINED UP ONE AFTER THE OTHER FROM HEAD TO TAIL.

6. ARTHROPODA
 LARGEST GROUP OF ANIMALS  BILATERALLY SYMMENTRICAL & SEGMENTED  HAVE AN OPEN CIRCULATARY SYSTEM  BLOOD DOES NOT FLOW IN WELL DEFINED BLOOD VESSELS  COELEMIC CAVITY IS BLOOD FILLED  POSSESS JOINTED LEGS

7. MOLLUSCA
        HAVE BILATERAL SYMMENTRY COELOMIC CAVITY IS HAEMOCOEL TISSUE COELOM IS REDUCED THERE IS LITTLE SEGMENTATION POSSESS AN OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM HAVE KIDNEY LIKE ORGANS FOR EXCREATION A FOOT THAT IS USED FOR MOVING AROUND RESPIRE BY GILLS OR MANTLE. MANTLE.

8. ECHINODERMATA
     SPINY SKINED ORGANISMS EXCLUSIVELY FREE LIVING AND MARINE ANIMALS TRIPLOBLASTIC HAVE A COELOMIC CAVITY CALLED COELOMATE POSSESS A PECULIAR WATER DRIVEN TUBE SYSEM, USED FOR MOVING AROUND(WATER VASCULAR SYSTM)  HAVE HARD CALCIUM CARBONATE STRUCTURES, USED AS A SKELETON.  LIVE IN GROUPS

9. PROTOCHORDATA
      VERY PRIMITIVE FORMS TRIPLOBLASTIC BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL BODY HAVE A COELOM SOME STAGES OF THEIR LIFE HAVE NOTOCHORD MARINE ANIMALS

10. VERTEBRATA
 HAVE A TRUE VERTEBRAL COLUMNS  INTERNAL SKELETON TO PERMIT A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE ATTACHEMENT POINT TO BE USED FOR MOVEMENT  BILATERALLY SYMETRICAL  TRIPLOBLASTIC  COELOMIC & SEGMENTED WITH COMPLEX DIFFERENTIATION OF BODY TISSUES AND ORGANS.

EG:- MANDARIN FISH, ANGLER FISH, LION FISH, ROHU, STINGRAY ETC EG:- SALAMANDER, TOAD, COMMON FROG, TREE FROG ETC. EG:- TURTLES, CROCODILES, CHAMELEON, SNAKE, LIZARD ETC.

EG:- WHITE STORK, OSTRICH, PIGEON, SPARROW, CROW ETC. EG:- HUMAN, RAT, BAT, WHALES ETC.

1. PISCES
CHARECTERISTICS:  COLD BLOODED & STREAM LINED BODY  RESPIRATION BY GILLS  PECTORAL & PELIVIC FINS PRESENT  BODY IS COVERED BY SCALES  HEART IS TWO CHAMBERED  OVIPORUS

2. AMPHIBIA
CHARECTERISTICS: NOT MARINE  COLD BLOODED ANIMALS  EXOSKELETON ABSENT  LIMBS PENTADACTYL  RESPIRATION BY GILLS, SKIN & LUNGS  HEART THREE CHAMBERED  SEXES ARE UNISEXUAL

3. REPTILIA
CHARECTERISTIC:  COLD BLOODED ANIMALS  SKIN NON GLANDULAR & DRY  EXOSKELETON OF EPIDERMAL SCALES  TWO PAIRS OF PENTADACTYL  BODY DIVIDED INTO HEAD NECK TRUNK & TAIL  RESPIRATION BY LUNGS  OCCIPITAL CONDYLE ONE .  FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES  CLOACA PRESENT & FERTILISATION INTERNAL IN THE FEMALE

AVES
CHARECTERISTIC:  WARM BLOODED ANIMALS  EXOSKELETON OF FEATHERS & BONES PNEUMATIC  BEAK WITHOUT TEETH  ENDOSKELETON PORUNS  HEART FOUR CHAMBERED  PRESENCE OF AIRSACS FOR RESPIRATION  RIGHT OVARY & OVIDUCT REDUCED OR ABSENT  FOUR LIMBS MODIFIED INTO WINGS  EGGS YOLKY & FOETAL MEMBRANE PRESENT  MOSTLY THEY BUILT NEST & LIVE IN THEM

MAMMALIA
CHARECTERISTIC EXOSKELETON OF HAIRS PRESENCE OF NAILS, BOOFS & CLAWS ON DIGITS HEART FOUR CHAMBERED RBCs ENUPLEATED & BICONCAVE CORPUS COLLOSUM PRESENT IN THE BRAIN MALES WITH PENIS FOR CORPULATION IMMENSE PARENTAL CARE & MAMMARY GLANDS PRESENT TEETH GENERALLY HETERODONT, THECODONT & DIPHYODNT. PRESENCE OF OIL& SWEAT GLAND IN SKIN DIAPHRAGM & PINNA PRESENT