Land Pollution!

Land Pollution Overview

 Historically, land is a dumping ground for waste  6 billion tons of waste produced each year
    Agricultural Commercial Industrial Domestic
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 Normally, not a problem if disposed of properly

The many types of land pollution

 Solid waste  Topsoil Erosion
 Soil loss and desertification

 Hazardous waste
       Reactive waste Corrosive waste Ignitable waste Toxic waste Radioactive waste Medical waste Home waste
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Litter
 Every year the u.s. population throws 1 million bushels of litter out of their vehicles. (http://www.pages.dre xel.edu/~cy34/) xel.edu/~cy34/)  Also annually Americans throw away 200,000 tons of edible food. (http://www.pages.dr exel.edu/~cy34/) exel.edu/~cy34/)

We only recycle 2% of all our waste

Where do we hide all the waste?

 Landfills are a popular way to dispose of the waste, but arent very practical  Now, they are leaning towards sanitary landfills, but they can also be quite deceiving.  Landfill: a site where wastes are disposed of by burial.  Sanitary landfill: A landfill where wastes are spread in layers and compacted by bulldozers. (Environmental Science, Scott Foresman-Addison ForesmanWesley)
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sopshres/images/landfill01.jpg

Landfill

What are plans to fix our cluttered nation

 Plans to fix the land pollution
 Recycle  Dont waste eatable food  DO NOT LITTER

http://www.thebestlinks.com/images/5/5c/RecyclinginBerlin.jpg

Ways to resolve the land pollution issues that we are faced with now and in the future

 We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to increase recycling.  This takes only a couple minutes out of your week to separate plastics from Styrofoam.  It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks and colors.  The residents of the country should also try and do their part and put in at least one day of litter picking up.
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Garbage Incinerator

http://zine.bamboo.hc.edu.tw/issue01/special/pic/chi-pic/incinerator.jpg
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Making a better future

 As a country we can also build more incinerators.  While these machines are highly expensive; they are completely worth it.  These would clean the world up in no time, even just having one in every state, or every major city would make they world a better place.
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What are Wastes?

Basel Convention Definition of Wastes
substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law

Disposal means
any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses (Annex IVB of the Basel convention)

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Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes:
wastes Examples: domestic, commercial and industrial especially common as co-disposal of wastes plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes:
Examples: waste industries

wastes in liquid form

domestic washings, chemicals, oils, water from ponds, manufacturing and other sources

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Classification of Wastes according to their Properties

Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old Machines, cans, styrofoam containers and others)

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Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment

Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in.

Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in.
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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and Industry

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Sources of Wastes
Agriculture

Fisheries

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EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY

Affects our health Affects our socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine environment Affects our climate

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE???? EXERCISE

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Reduce Waste

- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information available electronically. - Improve product design to use less materials. - Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength. - Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program. - Switch to reusable transport containers. - Purchase products in bulk.
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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Reuse
- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally. - Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper. - Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses. - Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments. - Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones.
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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Donate/Exchange
- old books - old clothes - old computers - excess building materials - old equipment to local organizations

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Employee Education
- Develop an office recycling procedures packet. - Send out recycling reminders to all employees including environmental articles. - Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementing recycling programs. - Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologies are introduced and new employees join the institution.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Employee Education

- education campaign on waste management that includes an extensive internal web site, quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and helpful reference labels within the campus of an institution.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Preventing Waste - packaging waste reductions and changes in the manufacturing process - use biodegradable materials

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

Conduct outreach program adopting an ecologically sound waste management system which includes:
waste reduction segregation at source composting recycling and re-use more efficient collection more environmentally sound disposal
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Residents are organized into small groups to carry out the following:
1. 2. construction of backyard compost pit construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusable materials are stored by each household construction of storage centers where recyclable and reusable materials collected by the street sweepers are stored prior to selling to junk dealers maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets greening of their respective areas encouraging others to join
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3.

4. 5. 6.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: EMS

What is an EMS?
An EMS is a formal set of policies and procedures that define how an organization will evaluate, manage, and track its environmental impact. It follows the basic model:

Plan > Do > Check > Act

This facilitates cost-effective environmental performance by defining and continuously improving the process and actions that an organization undertakes to meet its environmental goals.

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EMS Development
A Policy Statement that communicates an organizations environmental priorities to employees. Managerial endorsement of the policy statement demonstrates the organizations commitment to the effort and willingness to allocate resources for implementation. Once a policy statement is in place, the organization implements it following the model.

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Stages in the Implementation of EMS

1. Plan
Identify all environmental aspects: any environmental or health and safety impacts resulting from activities and services. The organization then evaluates each aspect according to a variety of criteria:
understanding of eco-ethics environmental and health effects economic impacts liabilities

After establishing a complete list of significant aspects, the organization sets environmental goals and develops a plan to achieve those goals.
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2.

Do
The do-phase of the model involves implementation of the environmental plan through employee training and establishment of operation controls.

3. Check
Evaluates progress toward meeting program goals through ongoing monitoring and measuring and periodic EMS audits.

4. Act
Involves taking corrective action to update and improve the environmental plan. For example, if an organization makes significant progress on one environmental aspect, another environmental aspect will replace it on the priority list.
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Why Should an Organization Adopt an EMS? 1. Improve environmental performance

It helps monitor energy and water conservation, resource efficiencies, and pollution prevention.

2. Better regulatory compliance

Increase regulatory compliance which is especially important for organizations that spend time and resources with regulatory violations.

3. Certification and recognition

EMS implementation can enhance an organizations image and improve public community relations.

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EMS Certification
EPA encourages organizations to use recognized EMS frameworks to improve compliance, pollution prevention, and other measures of environmental performance. Third-party certification can also add credibility to an organizations EMS.

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Several organizations which offer certification programs:

American Chemistry Council American Forest and Paper Association International Chamber of Commerce Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the most widely recognized EMS standard

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Principles of an Effective EMS

For better environmental and overall organizational performance, an EMS should:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Focus on continual improvement Serve the organization and its mission Receive top management support Remain dynamic and flexible Fit the culture of the organization Represent employees and their actions Establish employees awareness and involvement

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