Contents

Introduction Global Food Crisis Issues and challenges Indias approach to food security
Policies e.g. Food security bill, PDS etc. Cases Need of second green revolution??

Impact of food security on food processing sector Conclusion

Introduction

INDIA: 30 million people have been added to the ranks of the hungry since the mid-1990s and 46% of children are underweight. CHINA: 2004 article from the BBC, China, the world's most populous country, is suffering from an obesity epidemic

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Global food crisis

Source: www.theinternationaljournal.org , 2011

Indian Agriculture
India s population is 1.21 billion in 2011. 67% are rural. Majority are in agriculture. Although agriculture contributes only 15% of GDP, the share of work force is about 55%. Marginal and small farmers dominate the Indian scenario. Major crops are rice, wheat, maize, coarse cereals, groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables 60% of cultivated area is rain fed Rural poverty is 41%in 2004-05. Agriculture is a State Subject.

Challenges for Food Security

all approach and untrained extension staff . land degradation Increasing production costs

eater competition for land, labor and water

little control / No control

ISSUES??
Poor quality inputs

ragmented land holdings Climate change Land Degradation

Water shortages

Lack of use of Technology

Low Productivity

Inadequate storage facilitie

Inadequate food processing facilities

Poor Infrastructure

Inadequate Financial assistance

FOOD SECURITY ISSUES IN INDIASOLVED??

India achieved self-sufficiency in food grains

225 million Indians remain chronically under nourished. In 2000-01, about half of the rural children below five years of age suffered from malnutrition 40% of adults suffered from chronic energy deficiency. High level of wasting away of human resources should be a cause for concern.

Challenges in Agriculture affecting Food Security

--Green Revolution technology mainly benefited the high potential and irrigated areas. They have less impact on dry land and rainfed areas. Also, yield growth plateaued in the irrigated areas. Technology fatigue. ---With urbanization and income growth, consumption patterns have shifted from cereals to non-cereal food (pulses, edible oils, fruits, vegetables, dairy and other livestock, fisheries) -- Supply of these commodities are in short supply compared to demand. As a result food inflation increased in recent years -- Deceleration in growth from 3.5% during 198197 to 2% during 1997-2005. Decline in yield growth.

--This led to rising rural distress and also farmers suicides. -- Land and water problems, vulnerability to world commodity prices, ----Disparities in growth across regions and crops: growth rate declined more in rainfed areas. Long term factors: Steeper decline in per capita land availability. Shrinking of farm size Slow reduction in share of employment (still 55%) Main problem is low land and labour productivity in agriculture. Gap between agri. and non-agri. is widening. We should blame non-agriculture (industry and services) for not absorbing workers from

 Growth performance in agriculture%) 1950-1 to 1964-5: 2.51 (area growth +yield growth) 1967-8 to 1980-1: 2.20 (yield growth, green revolution) 1980-1 to 1990-1: 3.07 (spread of green revolution) 1992-3 to 2004-5: 2.76 (reform period) 1997-8 to 2004-5: 1.60 (neglect of agriculture) 2004-5 to 2010-1: 3.47 (revival of growth) The policy, institutional and investment focus during green revolution time helped India achieve its food self sufficiency goals. However, now different policies are needed to

Performance of Agriculture

Agriculture GDP growth

9 1

1 0 2

3 0 2

5 0 2

7 0 2

9 0 2

1 0 2

FOOD SCHEMES IN INDIA

India has the largest food schemes in the World Entitlement Feeding Programmes ICDS (All Children under six, Pregnant and lactating mother) MDMS (All Primary School children) Food Subsidy Programmes Targeted Public Distribution System (35 kgs/ month of subsidised food grains Annapurna (10 kgs of free food grain for destitute poor) Employment Programmes National Rural Employment Scheme (100 days of employment at minimum wages) Social Safety Net Programmes National Old Age Pension Scheme (Monthly pension to BPL)

India has the largest food schemes in the World

Entitlement Feeding Programmes
ICDS (All Children under six, Pregnant and lactating mother) MDMS (All Primary School children)

Food Subsidy Programmes

Targeted Public Distribution System (35 kgs/ month of subsidised food grains Annapurna (10 kgs of free food grain for destitute poor)

Employment Programmes
National Rural Employment Scheme (100 days of employment at minimum wages)

Social Safety Net Programmes

National Old Age Pension Scheme (Monthly pension to BPL) National Family Benefit Scheme (Compensation in case of death of bread winner to BPL families)

The Right to Food Case

Challenging food insecurity through collective action by rural women of Kerala

RASTA( Rural Agency for Social and Technological Advancement)

Since 1987, started as a replication of the Barefoot college, Tilonia, Rajasthan IT has been working for the last 24 years wit the marginalized communities Focus on Women empowerment, Food security and livelihoods, Decentralized governance, Organic and sustainable agriculture, Water conservation, environmental education, ICT in agriculture

Location
Area : 2132 sqKM Rainfall : 2500 mm Height : 700 to 2100 meters above MSL Temp : 17 to 35 C Population : 781 , 000 Tribes : 18 % Forest : 35 % Crops : Coffee , Pepper , Banana , Ginger , Rubber , Rice and Tea

One of the 150 most backward district of India

Agriculture and Livelihoods

1 9 8 0 -2 0 1 1 1 9 5 0 -7 0 1970s

Women used get lot employment paddy

to of in

1970

1990

2004

Banana in rice fields have depleted the water sources resulting in severe water 2000 scarcity,

Paddy to Banana :Impact on women and tribal communities

Women lost 15,50,000 labour days per season Banana offers no labour opportunities for women Food security of the poor communities affected High use of toxic chemicals in banana fields contaminated wate sources as well as creating health hazards among women and children (Rice can hold water for 90 days in the Field)

Key i es ssu

RASTAs Interventions
Addressing the challenges of food insecurity through Self Help Groups 10-15 women From the neighborhoods Regular group Meetings Collection of thrifts Collective leadership

llenging food insecurity.

000 families in SHGS by 2006 , A human rights rally Series of meetings held in villages to discuss issues and activities to solve the crisis 500 poor families selected to start up activities to improve the food production at village level mostly in leased land

Human rights day rally by 5000

Seed Bank & Seed Exchange Mela :

conservation of Agro biodiversity , Protection of traditional seeds

Vegetable Cultivation by women groups: Income for households and Food security

Group Farming Members harvesting Tapioca

l husbandry : Goat rearing , Cow rearing , Poultry

Cultivating Mushroom

Mushroom cultivation yields good profits , Marketing done locally Raw material

Impact

Key points of success

Most of the activities are based on the existing skills of the rural women Self help group was critical factor in bringing the women as collective Food security in a rural community can be achieved by carefully planning and utilizing all the available resources Reduction of poverty in 300 rural families Availability of safe and organic food Less dependence on market forces and market driven agriculture produce Empowerment of women and collective decision making Instilling a saving habit, own income and increased confidence levels of women Providing a model approach for the local government sector

Lessons learned
Community approach is a good strategy to uplift rural communities living in poverty and hunger Collective decision making and united efforts brought success in all the interventions Self help groups are the backbone of the success of the intervention. It is an excellent tool for addressing many of the pressing problem of the communities Enhancing the financial base of the families is very important for ensuring food security Women are more responsible, transparent and good decision makers