Basic idea of the abstract:

 If you were only allowed about 5 sentences to

summarize what your paper tells us and why it s worth reading, how would you use them?
Abstracts for scientific papers are often longer than this, but it s the same idea

Do we know what the subject of this paper is?

Do we know what the subject of this paper is? Do we know what the paper tells us about this subject?

Background Problem Causes Solutions

Background Problem Causes Solutions

Also, in your case, an audience!

Background Problem Causes Solutions

What will each of these consist of for your case study?

After you have written the first draft of your abstract, do the reverse paramedic exercise on it
 Avoid is, are , etc

After you have written the first draft of your abstract, do the reverse paramedic exercise on it
 Avoid is, are , etc

Do we know what this paper tells us about the subject?

Background? Problem? Causes? Solutions?

1.

FIGURES

2.

TABLES

Pictures; diagrams/schematics; graphs/charts

Data (words and/or numbers) arranged in rows and columns

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Why
Illustrate/highlight specific points

How
Incorporate illustrations in a way that is natural to

report s content/context Fully explain illustrations in text using references such as Fig. 1 shows

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1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Leave space between illustration and paragraph. Figure: Number and caption go below. Table: Number and title go above. Must be labeled in numerical order. First figure will be Figure 1 and first table will be Table 1. Must be properly placed within or following the paragraph it was first introduced. Must reference the source you are taking the illustration from.
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1.

Figure 6-1 indicates that agricultural irrigation uses 46% of the total recycled water, 21% on landscape irrigation, and 14% on groundwater recharge.

2.

Agricultural irrigation uses 46% of the total recycled water while 21% is used for landscape irrigation, and 14% on groundwater recharge (Figure 6-1). 46% of the recycled water is used for agricultural irrigation while landscape irrigation uses 21% and groundwater recharge uses 14% , as shown in Figure 6-1.
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3.

Definition of an illustration Why illustrations are important in written text 5 Rules for incorporating illustrations

1.

Leave space between illustration and paragraph Numerical order

2. Below = figures; Above = tables 3.

4. Place within/after paragraph it is first introduced 5. Reference source

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