Block diagram of amplifier with feedback

Voltage or node sampling

Current or loop sampling

Mixer Network
Series Mixing Shunt Mixing

The Four Basic Feedback Topologies

1.Voltage amplifier with voltage series feedback

The Four Basic Feedback Topologies

2. Transconductance amplifier with current series feedback

The Four Basic Feedback Topologies

3. Current amplifier with current shunt feedback

The Four Basic Feedback Topologies

4. Transresistance amplifier with voltage shunt feedback

Method of Identifying Feedback Topology and Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier

Step 1: Identify Topology (Type of feedback ) (a ) To find the type of sampling network 1. By shorting the output i.e. V0 = 0, if feedback signal (xf ) becomes zero then we can say that it is "Voltage Sampling". 2. By opening the output loop i.e. I0 = 0, if feedback signal (xf) becomes zero then we say that it "Current Sampling"

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

EXAMPLE 1: FET Source Follower A.C Equivalent Circuit

By shorting output voltage V0 = 0, feedback signal becomes zero and hence it is voltage sampling.

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

EXAMPLE 2:
Common Emitter Configuration with Unbypassed Re A.C Equivalent Circuit

By opening the output loop, (output current, I0 = 0), feedback signal becomes zero and hence it is current sampling.

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

Step 1: .. (b) To find the type of mixing network I. If the feedback signal is subtracted from the externally applied signal as a voltage in the input loop, we can say that it is series mixing". 2. If the feedback signal is subtracted from the externally applied signal as a current in the input loop, we can say that it is "shunt mixing". By determining type of sampling network and mixing network, type of feedback amplifier can be determined.

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

(b) To find the type of mixing network EXAMPLE :

The feedback signal appears in shunt with input( Ii = Is If ). Hence the topology is current shunt feedback amplifier.

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

Step 2 : To draw the circuit without feedback

Find the input circuit:

1. For series mixing make Ii = 0 by opening the input loop. 2. For shunt mixing make Vi = 0 by shorting the input.

Find the output circuit:

1. For series mixing make Ii = 0 by opening the input loop. 2. For shunt mixing make Vi = 0 by shorting the input.

Analysis of a Feedback Amplifier..

Step 3 : Replace each active device by its h- parameter model at low frequency. Step 4: Find the open loop gain (gain without feedback), A of the amplifier. Step 5 : Indicate Xf and Xo of the circuit and evaluate F = Xf Xo Step 6: From A and F find D, Af, Rif, Rof, and Rof .

Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers. Voltage Series Feedback

Transistor Emitter Follower Step 1 : Identify Topology
 Short output voltage (Vo = 0).  Feedback signal zero and hence it is voltage sampling.  Feedback signal Vf is subtracted from the externally applied signal Vs and hence it is a series mixing.  Combining two conditions we can say that it Voltage Series feedback amplifier.

Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers.

Step 2 and Step 3: Find input and output circuit
To find the input circuit, set Vo = 0, and hence Vi in series with Rs appears between B and E. To find the output circuit, set Ii = Ib = 0, and hence Re appears only in the output loop.

Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers.

Step 4: Replace transistor by its h-parameter equivalent circuit.

Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers.

Step 5 : Find open loop voltage gain

Applying KVL to input loop we get,

Substituting values of Vs , we get,

Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers.

Step 6: Indicate Vo and Vf and calculate F

Step 7 : Calculate D, Avf , Rif , Rof and Rof

FET Source Follower

Here feedback signal is the voltage Vf across Rs and sampled signal is the output voltage Vo across Re.

FET Source Follower

Analysis : Step 1: Identify Topology
1. By shorting output voltage VO = 0, feedback signal becomes zero and hence it is voltage sampling. 2. Feedback signal Vf is subtracted from the externally applied signal Vs and hence it is a series mixing. 3. Combining two conclusions we can say that it is voltage series feedback amplifier.

FET Source Follower

Step 2 and Step 3 : Find input and output circuit
1. To find the input circuit, set VO = 0, and hence VS appears between G and S. 2. To find the output circuit, set Ii = IG = 0, and hence Rs appears in the output loop.

With these connections we obtain the circuit as shown:

FET Source Follower

Step 4 : Replace FET by its equivalent circuit

FET Source Follower

Step 5 : Find open loop voltage gain

FET Source Follower

Step 6: Indicate Vo and Vf , and calculate F.

Because both voltages present across Rs

Step 7: Calculate D, Avf, Rif, Rof and Rof

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Two cascaded stages. The output of second stage is connected through feedback network to the input of first stage in opposition to the input signal Vs .

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Analysis :
Step 1 : Identify topology

 Short the output voltage, Vo = 0 .  Feedback signal becomes zero. Hence voltage sampling.  Feedback signal Vf subtracted from the externally applied signal Vs Hence series mixing.

It is a voltage series feedback amplifier.

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Step 2 and Step 3 : Find input and output circuit
To find input circuit, set Vo = 0.
R2 appears in parallel with R1 in first emitter.

To find the output circuit, set Ii = 0 R1 appears in series with R2 across output

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

EXAMPLE 1 : Transistors in feedback amplifier shown in Fig. are identical and their 'h' parameters are hie = 1100; , hfe = 100, hre = hoe = 0 Neglect capacitances of all capacitors. i) State topology with justification. iii) Calculate F, AV, Avf, Rif, Rof and Rof.

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

EXAMPLE 1 :

Step 1 : Identify topology The feedback voltage is applied across the resistance Re1 and it is in series with input signal. Hence feedback is voltage series feedback.

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Step 2 and Step 3 : Find input and output circuit To find input circuit set Vo = 0 (connecting C2 to ground), which gives parallel combination of Re with Rf at E.

To find output circuit, set Ii = 0 (opening the input node E1 at emitter of Q1) which gives series combination of Rf and Re1 across the output

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Step 4 : Find open loop voltage gain (AV)

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Overall gain without feedback

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Overall gain taking Rs into account,

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Step 5: Calculate F

Voltage Series Feedback Pair

Current Series Feedback

Common Emitter Configuration with Unbypassed Re

Step 1 : Identify topology 1. Open the output loop, (Io = 0). Feedback signal becomes zero. Hence Current Sampling. 2. Look at Fig. See that feedback signal Vf subtracted from the external signal Vs. Hence Series Mixing. From above two it is Current Series Feedback Amplifier.

Current Series Feedback

Step 2 and Step 3 : Find input and output circuit To find input circuit set Io = 0,then Re appears at the input side. To find output circuit set Ii = 0, then Re appears in the output circuit.

Current Series Feedback

Step 4 : Replace transistor with h parameter equivalent circuit

Step 5 : Find open loop transfer gain

Current Series Feedback

Step 6 : Indicate Io and Vf and calculate F

Step 7 : Calculate D, GMf, Avf, Rif and Rof

Current Series Feedback

The voltage gain AVf given as