ROLL NO-40

Environmental protection and sustainable use of resources received serious attention from various departments of the Government and Planning Commission in India during 1970s. In 1980,the Government of India formed a separate Department of Environment for promoting and coordinating programmes for environment protection and related issues. In 1985,a separate Ministry of Environment and Forest(MoEF) was formed for formulating policies and their implementation.

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST

MoEF is the nodal agency.
Key function of MoEF are: Environmental Policy Planning Ensuring effective implementation of legislation monitoring and control of pollution Eco-Development Environmental clearances for Industrial and Development Project. Environmental Research Promotion of the Environmental Education , Training and Awareness Coordination and overseeing the implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and programmes. Forest Conservation , Development and Wildlife Protection. Biosphere reserve programme.

ACTS : Wildlife(Protection) Act,1972 Forest(Conservation) Act ,1980 Indian Forest Act, 1927 Biological Diversity Act,2002

Environment Protection Act,1986

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 1986

The Act deals with : Regulation of discharge of pollutants . Checking the level of pollution. Handling of hazardous substances. Protection of Environment.

Immediate response in the events of accidents threatening environment .

Giving punishments to those who endangers human environment .

The Environmental Act 1986 was introduced after Bhopal gas tragedy.

OBJECTIVE : In order to achieve the objectives of the Act Central Government has empowered to take effective measures to tackle the problems of pollution. Act enables Central Government to take all measures necessary for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of environment and preventing and controlling environmental pollution. In the case of violation of act the penality have been increased to imprisonment upto 5 years or fine upto 1 lakh rupees or both .

CONTINUE: Under the Act Government has given powers to collect the samples of air ,water ,soil or other substances as evidence. The Central Government has been given powers of entering and inspecting any place through any person or agency authorised by it. Special procedures for handling hazardous substances and no person can handle such substances except in accordance with the procedure. This Act also authorises Central Government to issue direction for the closure ,prohibition or regulation of any industry ,operations or process.

C ENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted in 1974 as per the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,further entrusted under air act ,1981.
Subsequently as the Indian environmental legislation evolved, its role expanded to cover the areas of air pollution, hazardous and hospital waste management etc. Key objective of CPCB: Advice the Central Government about the matter concern. Coordinate and provide technical assistance to the State Board. Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution Perform such other function as may be prescribed by the Government of India.

STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

The overall objectives of SPCB is to ensure the control of water and air pollution SPCB has its Central Office at state headquarters and a number of regional offices. While the Central office lays down general policies relating to enforcement of laws and coordinates with other departments. Key objective of SPCB : Formulation and practice of state-based plans for protection against and control and reduction of water and air pollution. Proposals to local state governments, concerning protection against and control and reduction of water and air pollution. Information disclosure, training and public relations. Ensure legal action against defaulters.

 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977, and amended by Amendment Act, 1991 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981. The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 The Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998

STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT

Formulation of state-based policies. Planning for sustainable development. Promotion of environmental education, training and public relations. Conservation of forest and wildlife.

Coordination between the Ministry of Environment and Forests, the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Pollution Control Board.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE

An ISO 9001-2000 organisation The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is created and funded by Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 with focus on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational diseases . NEERI has five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology (India) of central government

To conduct research and developmental studies .

To render assistance to the industries of the region, local bodies, etc.

To interact and collaborate with academic and research institutions. To participate in CSIR thrust area and mission projects

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

The Ministry of Water Resources, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to the development and regulation of the water resources in India.

Planning for water resources management

Flood control Conservation and rehabilitation of coral reefs and coastal irrigated land Sediment load (water-quality) monitoring and soil erosion assessment

 National water policy, 2002.

DEPARTMENT OF OCEAN DEVELOPMENT

The Department of Ocean Development (DOD) was created in Jul, 1981.

In 1982, the Government of India issued the Ocean Policy Statement . From March 1982, the DOD has been functioning as a separate nodal department in line with the Ocean Policy Statement of 1982.

Conservation and rehabilitation of coral reefs and coasts. Conservation and rehabilitation of island resources

M INISTRY OF N EW AND R ENEWABLE E NERGY

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry of the Government of India for all matters relating to new and renewable energy. The broad aim of the Ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy . Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) was introduced in 1992. Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) renamed as Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in 2006.

 The Ministry is mainly responsible for research and development, intellectual property protection, and international cooperation, promotion, and coordination in renewable energy sources .
The mission of the Ministry is to bring in Energy Security; Increase the share of clean power; increase Energy Availability and Access; improve Energy Affordability; and maximise Energy Equity.

MINISTRY OF SURFACE TRANSPORT

Ministry of Surface Transport a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to surface transport in India.

 The Indian Ports Act, 1908

The Merchant Shipping (Amendment) Act, 1987

The Territorial Water, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zone Act, 1976

M INISTRY

OF MINES

The Ministry of Mines, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to mines in India.

A list of subjects allocated to the Ministry of Mines : Legislation for regulation of mines and development of minerals within the territory of India Planning, development, and assistance to, all institutions dealt with by the Ministry. Administration and Management of Geological Survey of India Administration and Management of Indian Bureau of Mines

 The Indian Explosives Act,1908 Mines and Mineral(Regulation and Development) Act,1957 National Mineral Policy, 2008

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATION

The Ministry of Agriculture , a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to agriculture in India.

Conservation and rehabilitation of watersheds Irrigation land conservation, sodic land rehabilitation Conservation and management of land and soil Promotion of organic farming Protection against desertification

 The Indian Fisheries Act,1987 Agriculture Policy 1992