By Thomas Davies

The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the thigh and the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear. There are 206 bones it the body.

The skeleton takes 20 years before it is fully developed.

The longest bone in the body is the thigh. There are different types of bones: o Long o Short o Thick o Thin o Strong o Weak

Your muscular system makes up 40% of your body weight.

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

Your skeletal muscle forms the red meat around your body.

Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement and heat for the body to keep warm.

There are approximately 650 skeletal muscles in the human body.

The muscles provide the forces that enable the body to move.

Your muscles allow you to do everything from writing and speaking, running and jumping, to breathing and even digesting your lunch. (www.clccharter.org)

Your lifestyle plays an essential part in maintaining your long-term cardiovascular health. A healthy diet, moderate drinking, plenty of exercise, and not smoking can all help to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system. (www.bupa.co.uk)
We breathe air through your mouth and nose and it travels to your lungs. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into your bloodstream through your lungs. Your heart then pumps 'oxygenated' blood through a network of blood vessels (the arteries) to tissues including your organs, muscles and nerves, all around your body. When blood reaches the capillaries in your tissues it releases oxygen, which cells use to make energy. These cells release waste products, such as carbon dioxide and water, which your blood absorbs and carries away. The used or 'deoxygenated' blood then travels along your veins and back towards your heart. Your heart pumps the deoxygenated blood back to your lungs, where it absorbs fresh oxygen, and the cycle starts again. (www.bupa.co.uk)

The cardiovascular system supplies oxygen from the lungs to the tissues around the body. It also transports carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the body to the lungs. Breathing out removes carbon dioxide from the body. (www.bupa.co.uk)

The respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen.

Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose

When you inhale: o The intercostals muscles contract, expanding the ribcage. o The diaphragm contracts, pulling downwards to increase the volume of the chest. o Pressure inside the chest is lowered and air is sucked into the lungs. (www.bbcbitesize.com)

When you exhale: o The intercostals muscles relax, the ribcage drops inwards and downwards o The diaphragm relaxes, moving back upwards, decreasing the volume of the chest. o Pressure inside the chest increases and air is forced out. (www.bbcbitesize.com)

Risks could include:

Alcohol is a big risk and also causes effects on the body like liver disease and other problems like liver and mouth cancer.

There are many different risks ant these all effect your body, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Some of recreational drugs:

o Caffeine (from coffee, tea, and other plant sources) o Cannabis o Alcohol o Cocaine o Smoking

Diet is a big risk as it puts strain on your heart, effects your respiratory system and also your cardiovascular system.

Smoking: smoking is a big risk and causes a lot of effects on the body.

Effects on the body could include:

Smoking: Effects of things like smoking can result in lung cancer, heart disease and many others. It also has a big effect on the respiratory system as all the tar sticks to your lungs.

Alcohol is responsible for at least 33,000 deaths in the UK each year. (www.drinkaware.co.uk)

Smoking directly causes over 100,000 deaths in the UK each year and contributes to many more. Of these deaths, about 42,800 are from smoking-related cancers, 30,600 from cardiovascular disease and 29,100 die slowly from emphysema and other chronic lung diseases. (www.netdoctor.co.uk)

Too much of any recreational drug can have a big impact on the body and its systems.

Alcohol causes many problems for example: o Appearance o Alcohol Poisoning o Diseases and Cancers o Mental Health o Dependence