Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT
:
References:
1.
Supply chain management; Strategy, planning and operation; Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindl, 2004
2.
Logistics and Supply chain Management, Martin Crestopher, 2000
3.
Business Logistics Management, Ronald H. Ballou, 1999
4.
Logistics Engineering and Management, Benjamin S. Blanchard, Prentice Hall, 1996
5.
Improving Quality and Productivity in the Logistics Process; A.T. Kearney, Inc., 1991
6.
Logistics in service organizations, Arthur D. Little and PSU, for CLM, 1991
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2
1990-2000
1990-2000
1980s
1980s
1970s
1970s
1960s
1960s
1950s
1950s
---
1951
1951
- -1950
-- -- -- -1950
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --
-----
Production
Production
1961
1961
- -1960
-- -- -- -1960
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --
-----
Marketing
Marketing
1971
1971
- -1970
-- -- -- -1970
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --
-----
Strategy
Strategy
1981
1981
- -1980
-- -- -- -1980
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --
-----
1991
1991
- -1990
-- -- -- -1990
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --
Customer
CustomerValue
Value
Quality
Quality
---
.
.
.
.
.
.
COUNTRY
A
B
COUNTRY
A
B
250
400
500
300
250
300
350
300
TOTAL ($)
750
700
1450
TOTAL ($)
600
600
1200
30
8
80
5000 60
230000
)( Consumer Products
)( Convenience Products
) (
) )
) )
) )
) )
) )
) )
)( Shopping Products
)( Consumer Products
)( Specialty Products
) (
)( Industrial Products
.
:
10
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
Time
11
BUSINESS GOAL
.
:
*
*
*
12
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
13
LOGISTICAL CONSTRAINTS
*
*
*
*
14
Result
15
16
17
*
*
*
*
*
*
**
*
**
**
18
19
20
21
22
: )
(
23
LOGISTICS EVOLUTION
****
****
24
****
25
) (
.
:
:
26
:
27
28
30
) (
) (
31
Transportati
on
Factor
y
Warehousing
Transportati
on
Custome
rs
Material and
information flows
Transportati
on
Warehousin
g
Transportati
on
Vendors / Plants /
Ports
32
//
LOGISTICS NETWORK
33
) (
.
34
)
(
35
:
37
70%
:
) (
38
* %65 :
* %75 :
)(%20
39
: ):(Supply chain logistics
)
/
(
: )(Service response logistics
) : (
40
41
)Marketing
(mix
)
)
)
(
:
:
:
:
24 )(
42
1.
)
(
:
(
43
2.
3.
:
-1 )
(
-2 ) 24
(
44
45
46
LOGISTICS SUPPORT
:
/ / 47
48
60 %
30 %
49
10 %
) )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
50
51
100%
50%
52
IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS
* ** . ** %
* ** %
PUZZLE
53
.
:
-1 /
-2
-3
-4
54
-1
.
.
.
.
55
-2
) (Just in time delivery
.
) (Logistics lead time :
.
.
56
-3
.
.
): Caterpillar
.
(
) (Standardization
) : Whirlpool
(
57
-4
.
.
Puzzle
.
.
58
59
60
*
*
*
61
2
THE TRANSITION TO
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
62
63
) (
) (
64
LOGISTICS NETWORK
65
:
:
66
( )
30 years
10 years
4 years
1 Year or less
Word
processors
67
68
( (
69
) (
( (
70
) (
) (
.
.
.
.
71
:
) (
)
( )(
) (Demand Chain Management
)( )(
72
.
.
:
) (Co-Managed Inventory
73
()CLM, CSCMP
:
.
.
74
75
/
/
76
77
:
: ) (
) (
:
:
/
:
78
) (
) (
) (
79
:
:
:
:
:
80
(Partnerships)
Partnerships
Arm's-length
relationships
Type I
Type II
Type III
Joint
Ventures
Vertical
integration
81
) (Type 1
) (Type 2
) (Type 3
)(Coke, and McDonalds
82
:
:
:
)
(
:
:
83
:
:
)
(
:
:
84
3
ORDER PROCESSING &
TRANSPORTATION DECISION
85
*
*
*
86
ORDER PROCESSING
** * ** -
.
= +
:
87
) ( 1- Order Preparation
) ( 2- Order Transmittal
) ( 3- Order Entry
) ( 4- Order Filling
/ /
88
ORDER PROCESSING
)( Order preparation
:
.
) ( .
: ) ( )
(
)( Order transmittal
89
ORDER PROCESSING
)( Order entry
:
) ( Back order
) ( scanning
.
90
ORDER PROCESSING
)( Order Filling
:
.
:
)( Tacit rules
91
ORDER PROCESSING
)( Order Status Reporting
.
.
) (
) ( Order batching
) ( Shipment consolidation
92
) )
93
.
.
.
.
.
94
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
/
.
) (
.
.
.
.
95
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
.
.
.
.
Piggyback .
.
.
96
.
97
Birdybac
k
Piggybac
k
Fishybac
k
98
LAND BRIDGE
99
.
)
( .
.
.
100
TRANSPOTATION DECISIONS
101
:
)(Piggyback, Fishyback, Birdyback
) )
*
*
*
*
*
*
102
:
.
)
(.
.
103
TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
COMPETITIVE CONSIDERATIONS
) ( :
/
.
.
.
104
:
) (.
.
.
105
4
INVENTORY IN THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM
106
*
*
*
107
108
A B
109
*
*
**** ) Manufacturing and Trade
( Inventory ** %
** % :
*
* ) ( EDI
) ( JIT Just In Time
*
*
110
) :
)
.
* -
** % .
: ** %
****** ** *
******
* ****** * %
****** * * * * *******
) ** % ** * *
** ( % .
111
) ( Purchase Economics
) ( Transportation Savings
.
) ( Safety Stock
.
) ( Speculative Purchase
.
) ( Seasonal Supply
.
112 ) ( Maintenance of Supply Sources
)( Physical Distribution Inventory
) ( Production Savings
.
) ( Transportation savings
.
) ( Seasonal Demand
) ( Customer Service
.
) ( Stable Employment
.
113
) ( Cycle Stock
) ( In-Process Stock
)( Goods in transit
) ( Seasonal Stock
) ( Promotion Stock
) :
(
) ( Speculative Stock
) :
(
/ ) ( Dead Stock
114 .
) ( Marketing
.
) ( Production
.
) ( Finance
) ( Current Assets
.
:
) ( Inventory Tradeoffs
.
115
INVENTORY COSTS
*
.
* .
* ) ( Trade off
.
:
)( Inventory carrying cost / ) ( Order / Setup cost )( Stock out cost )( In-Transit inventory carrying cost116
* - )( Capital Cost
** .
.
) (
117
* -
.
* -
.
* -
.
118
/
)( Order cost
.
) :
)
:
. -
119
/
)( Setup cost
)
)
) (
*
.
( -
.
.
120
.
) + ( .
121
.
:
.
.
) ( .
.
)( Safety Stock
122
)( Cost of lost sales
.
) ( JIT
: ****
*** *
*** ) Overhead
( costs
: ) ( Back order
123
124
*Q
125
) (
.
FOB
.
)
)
* ) )
* ) )
* ) )
* ) )
126
SAFETY STOCK
.
.
:
.
) (
** % ** * ) ** *
* (
127
) ( = ) * - ( /
B1
A1
B2
A2
A3
Plan
t
B3
128
A
B
)( Customer satisfaction
* .
* .
* .
*
Back ordering / expediting
*
) ( Reordering ) ( Resupplying
ABC
129
)( Inventory turnover velocity
:
* ** -
** ** -
) ( Ratio Of Inventory to sales
:
.
130
131
*
*
*
132
.
.
** %
.
:
.
)
(
133
.
)
(
.
.
134
.
-1 +
.
.
-2
) (
) (
) (
135
-3
) (
.
-4
136
) ( :
-1 )(Holding
.
:
) ) ) ) ) )
137
-2 )(Consolidation
) ( Holding warehouses
) (Distribution warehouse
-3 )(Break-Bulk
-4 )(Mixing
) (ORDERS
138
MOVE-STORE ACTIVITIES
Inbound point
Unload, sort, classify, and
inspect
Move to
storage
Move to picking
area
Order - picking
bay
Move to
dock
Semipermanent
storage bay
Warehou
se
Outbound point
139
Manufacturer
A
8.000 I b.
40.000 I b.
Manufacturer
B
Custome
r
A,B,C,
D
15.000 I b.
Distributio
n
warehouse
Manufacturer
C
7.000 I b.
Manufacturer
D
140
Custome
rA
LT
L
Manufacturer
Low rate
TL
shipment
Distributio
n
warehouse
LT
L
Custome
rB
Custome
rC
141
Pr
od
u
A ct
Manufacturer
A
C
B
A
Product
B
Manufacturer
B
Manufacturer
C
ct
u
od
r
P C
A B
C
Distributio
n
warehouse
Custome
rX
Custome
rY
142
) (Compatibility
.
.
: + +
+
/ 4:
-1 )(Load unitization
-2 )(Space layout
-3 )(Storage equipment choice
-4 )(Movement equipment choice
143
-1
-2
-3
-4
144
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
LOAD UNITIZATION
.
.
.
.
)(Containerization
.
.
.
.
.
145
LOAD UNITIZATION
)(Palletization
) 4840( :
. .
.
.
146
SPACE LAYOUT
-1 : Bays
.
-2 :
147
SPACE LAYOUT
)(Area system
)Sequencing,
.(Zoning, Batching
148
149
SPACE LAYOUT
150
SPACE LAYOUT
:
) (Racks
)(Manual equipment
)(Power-assisted equipment
) (output
) (fork lift
) (Fork lift truck
12
) 3000 )
+ +
152
)(Fully mechanized equipment
)Automated storage
(& Retrieve system, AS/RS
:
)(Bar coding )(Scanning technology
) (
.
153
Private
warehousing
automated
handling
Cost
Leased
warehousing
Public
warehousi manual handling
ng
Private
warehousing
pallet - forklift
truck handling
a
b
c
a Economical range for public warehousing
Annual system
throughput
STORAGE SYSTEM
154
PRODUCT PACKAGING
*
*
*
*
* ) (
*
*
155
PRODUCT PACKAGING
:
*
*
.
*
*
*
*
156
6
PURCHASING AND SUPPLY SCHEDULING DECISIONS
(JIT, MRP, DRP)
157
*
*
*
158
/ )
(..
159
160
SUPPLY SCHEDULING
:
-1
)(Just In Time, JIT
-2
161
162
) (JUST-IN-TIME
.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
:
163
) (JIT
)(JIT
164
MRP MECHANICS
) (MRP
)(MRP
165
) )
Clock style - K
36
Clock style - M
21
Salem
Clock mechanism - R
1063
166
MRP
() aInitial MRP form
week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
100 150 120 150 100 90 110 120
400
week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
100 150 120 150 100 90 110 120
350
350
400 300 150 30 230 130 40 280 160
350
350
167
)( Completed
b
MRP form
168
2
8
200 200
200
200
1
7
300 300
300
1
300
500
300
200
500
200
169
1
300
) ( MRP
) (DRP
) (JIT)(DRP
-1
-2 ) (MRP
)(DRP
-3 ) (DRP
-4
-5 ) (DRP
) (ROP )(EOQ
170
171
PURCHASING
/
:
) ( )(terms of sale -
172
-1 )(
-2
-3
-4
-5 )(
-1
-2
-3
173
) %60-40
(
-1
-2
-3
-4
) (
)
( /
174
%5
5%
) ( 7.5%
10%
Multiplie
d by
2
) ( 2.04
*****.
**
( $750.000 )Divided
by
***
million
***
million Divided
by
%50
175
%5
40
**
million
( $4.9
) million
***
million Less
***.
million
) ( 9.25 million
b
$2 million
( $1.9
) million
-1 )(JIT, hand-to mouth buying
-2 )) ( Forward buying (anticipatory
) ( Speculative buying
)
(
:
- ) (
176
177
-3 )( Quantity Discount
)
(
-1 ) (Inclusive
-2 ) (No inclusive
-3
+
178
-4 )( Deal Buying
-5 )( Contract Buying
) ( Blanket order contracts
)
(stockless purchasing, JIT
179
)(SOURCING
-1
) (linear programming
.
-2
/
180
:
) = ( Terms of sale +
181
JIT
182
:
-
183
184