1. 2. 3.

Community-active measures Professional-active measures Individual-active measures

a. b.

Caries preventive measures Periodontal disease preventive measures

Community-active measures

Community-active measures need approval to be adopted at a nationwide level, to be endorsed and to be funded and carried out. services includes
1. preventive programmes in different settings such as school-based tooth-brushing and rinsing programmes 2. water, salt, and milk fluoridation

Community-active measures

Caries preventive measures 1. water fluoridation produced about 60% of the caries reduction in children compared to caries in those living in non-fluoridated communities. 2. caries reduction of 40% to 49% for the primary dentition 3. 50% to 59% for the permanent dentition was reported, based on 113 studies from 23 countries, as an effect of water

Community-active measures
Periodontal disease preventive measures

the most significant means of preventing periodontal disease will be community-active preventive measures aimed at providing and increasing public knowledge of periodontal diseases and their prevention and reducing overall plaque and smoking rates activities includes 1. educational campaigns through the mass and print media 2. school-based and supervised tooth-brushing Programs 3. encouragement of smoking-free public places, and taxation policy for importing and selling cigarette and tobacco products.

Dental professional-active measures

Dental professionals are responsible for providing information on healthy habits for dental well-being and for instructing and motivating individuals in order to modify detrimental behaviours and lifestyles toward oral health and to encourage healthy ones.

Dental professional-active measures

Caries preventive measures
1.

Are those applied by dentists, hygienists, and dental assistants to individuals on a one-to-one basis. e.g., application of fluoridated (varnish, gels, and rinses) and antimicrobial (chlorhexidine) compounds. Placement of sealants, based on an assessment of each individuals risk, taking into consideration his or her current fluoride exposure..

2.

Dental professional-active measures

Periodontal diseases preventive measures
1. achieved through mechanical and chemical control. 2. Debridement or scaling 3. professional mechanical removal of plaque, calculus, and other deposits, 4. effectively prevents the occurrence of gingivitis, 5. reduces probing pocket depth 6. improves the clinical attachment level

Individual-active measures: are any kind of oral hygiene measures such as toothbrushing and interdental cleaning performed by individuals the home use of fluoridated toothpaste, fluoride compounds, antimicriobal agents, and xylitol adoption of sensible use of sugary food.

Theoretical model explaining oral health-related behaviours and oral health status based on the Second International Collaborative Study model (Chen et al., 1997) and a New Century Model of Oral Health Promotion (Inglehart & Tedesco, 1995)

System-level factors are divided into socio-economic and health care-system factors (Chen et al., 1997). These factors, to a great extent, determine the individuals lifestyle and oral health-related behaviours and outcomes (Petersen, 1990; Locker, 2000; Gillcrist et al., 2001; Diehnelt & Kiyak, 2001; Hjern et al., 2001). Therefore, any exploration of human behaviour needs to take into account the influence of system-level factors (Daly et al., 2002).
At an individual level are situational and learning-related factors figure3 which are to a great extent related to the individuals likelihood of practising health behaviour. The importance of individual-level factors for health behaviour and status is emphasized by numerous studies showing differences in oral health behaviour and status by age, racial and ethnic group, socio economic status, and education, as well as by gender

Individual-active measures:
Caries preventive measures fluoridated toothpaste (FTP) should be recommended as a primary preventive measure for children Fluoride supplements, a systemic administration of fluoride

Individual-active measures:
Periodontal diseases preventive measures control at the individual level, can be achieved through a combination of mechanical and chemical means such as tooth-brushing, interdental cleaning, and rinsing with antimicrobial agents Tooth-brushing is the oldest, most effective, and most commonly accepted means of mechanical removal of dental plaque. The recommended frequency is twice a day, preferably after breakfast and before bed. interdental cleaning is needed, with various devices as toothpicks, dental floss/tape, and interdental brushes.

Thank you...