TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

-:Presented By:Gaurav Sanadhya

Touch screen
A touch screen is a display which can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The touch screen has two main attributes: First, it enables one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it is displayed, . rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand.

CONT..
Touch screens emerged from academic and corporate research labs in the second half of the 1960s.

The HP-150 of 1983 was probably the world's earliest commercial touch screen computer.

The different types of touch screen technology are: 1. Resistive 2. Surface acoustic wave 3. Capacitive 4. Dispersive signal technology

RESISTIVE
A resistive touch screen panel is composed of several

layers, the most important are two thin metallic electrically conductive and resistive layers separated by thin space.
When some object touches this kind of touch panel, the layers are connected at a certain point. The change in electrical current takes place. Resistive touch screen panels are generally the most affordable technology but offer only 75% clarity

SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing.

CAPACITIVE

A capacitive touch screen panel is coated with a material, typically indium tin oxide, that conducts a continuous electrical current across the sensor. The sensor therefore exhibits a precisely controlled field of stored electrons in both the horizontal and vertical axes - it achieves capacitance. The human body is also an electrical device which has stored electrons and therefore also exhibits capacitance. Capacitive touch screens can also support multi touch .

DISPERSIVE SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY

Introduced in 2002, this system uses sensors to detect the mechanical energy in the glass that occurs due to a touch.

Complex algorithms then interpret this information and provide the actual location of the touch.
This technology claims to be unaffected by dust and other outside elements, including scratches. Since there is no need for additional elements on screen, it also claims to provide excellent optical clarity. Any object can be used to generate these events, including fingers and stylus.

BUILDING A TOUCH SCREEN

A basic touch screen has three main components: 1. A touch sensor 2. A controller 3. A software driver with a PC

TOUCH SENSOR o A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface.

o The touch sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the video screen.
o The sensor generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal change. o This voltage change is used to determine the location of the touch to the screen

The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The controller determines what type of interface the user will need on the PC. Controllers are available that can connect to a Serial port (PC) or to a USB port.

 The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the

touch screen and computer to work together.

It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. When you touch the touch screen, the mouse cursor will move to that point and make a mouse click & also can Drag and Drop Media.

APPLICATIONS OF TOUCH SCREEN 1.Automated Teller Machine 2.Mobile Phones 3.Computers and laptops 4.I-pods 5.Games

REFERENCES
http://www.magictouch.com/applications.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen http://www.touchscreens.com/introtouchtypes.html
http://www.hp.com/united states/campaigns/touchsmart/