Leadership

Outline
Definition Management vs. Leadership Trait Approach Behavior Approach Process Approach

Class Model

Quick Exercise
Take two minutes to do this exercise.
Write down the name of someone you think is a great leader. Write down why you think this person is a great leader.

Leadership
Definition
There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept
Bass, 1990

Across all the different definitions, leadership can be thought of as

Intentional influence exerted over individuals to organize, guide, structure, and facilitate activities and relationships in a group or organization towards the achievement of some goal

Quick Comic

Management vs. Leadership

What does Kotter have to say about distinctions between leadership and management?
Leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of action

Management is concerned with coping with complexity and leadership is concerned with coping with change
Function of management is to provide order and consistency to organizations Function of leadership is to produce change and movement 7 in organizations

Kotters Distinctions
MANAGEMENT
Produces Order and Consistency

LEADERSHIP
Produces Change and Movement

Planning / Budgeting
Establish agendas Set time tables Allocate Resources

Setting a Direction

Create a vision Clarify big picture Set strategies Communicate goals Seek commitment Build teams and coalitions Inspire and energize Empower subordinates Satisfy unmet needs

Organizing / Staffing

Provide structure Make job placements Establish rules and procedures Develop incentives Generate creative solutions Take corrective action

Aligning People

Controlling / Problem Solving

Motivating and Inspiring

Quick Comic

Approaches to Leadership
Traits (What traits do leaders possess?) Behaviors (What do leaders do?) Processes (How do leaders get things done?)

10

Trait Approach to Leadership

Basic assumptions
All great leaders possess some outstanding, individual qualities. These qualities are unique to great people and elusive for others. Certain people are born with leadership traits and only great people possess them.
Leaders are born, not made
11

Discussion Question
What traits do you think characterize a great leader?

12

Great Leaders
Martin Luther King Jr.
Vision and perseverance

John F. Kennedy
Charisma and communication skill

Mother Teresa
Compassion and self-sacrifice

George Washington
Honesty and modesty

Abraham Lincoln
Persistence and commitment to values
13

Major Traits
Intelligence
Strong verbal ability, perceptual ability, and good reasoning skill

Self-confidence
Self-esteem, self-assurance, and belief that one can make a difference

Determination
Desire to get the job done (initiative, persistence, drive, and perseverance)

Integrity
Honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility for their own actions

Sociability
Inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships (friendly, outgoing, courteous)
14

Discussion Question
What are some limitations of the trait approach?

15

Behavioral Approach to Leadership

Whereas trait approach emphasized personality characteristics of the leader, the behavioral approach emphasizes leadership activities. We ask
What do leaders do?

16

Ohio State Studies: Two Types of Behaviors

Task behaviors
Initiating structure
Task behaviors, organizing work, giving structure to the work context, defining responsibilities

Relationship behavior Consideration

Building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers
17

Discussion Question
Is it better to be task-oriented or relationshiporiented as a leader?

18

Discussion Questions
What does Collins mean by Level 5 leadership? Do you see it as a trait or behavioral approach?

19

Level 5 Leader
Level 5 Level 5 Executive -- builds enduring greatness through a blend
of personal humility and professional will

Level 4 Effective leader -- catalyzes commitment to and vigorous

pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards

Level 3 competent manager organizes people and resources toward

the effective and efficient pursuit of pre-determined objectives

Level 2 contributing team member contributes individual capabilities

to the achievement of group objectives and works effectively with others in a group setting

Level 1 highly capable individual makes productive contributions

through talent, knowledge, skills, and good work habits.
20

Two Sides of Level 5 Leadership

Will Creates superb results, a clear catalyst in the transition from good to great Unwavering resolve to do whatever must be done to produce the best long-term results (no matter how difficult) Sets the standard of building an enduring great company, will settle for nothing less Takes responsibility for poor resultsdoesnt blame other people, external factors, or bad luck

Humility Demonstrates a compelling modesty, shuns public adulation, not boastful Acts with quiet, calm determination; relies principally on inspired standards, not inspiring charisma, to motivate Channels ambition into the company, not the self. Sets up successors for even greater success Gives credit for success to other people, external factors, and good luck
21

Discussion Question
What must leaders have?

22

Process Approach to Leadership

Explains the process by which relationships between leaders and followers are formed Does not assign leader effectiveness to a set of traits or an orientation, but to a change in followers that is facilitated by leaders Does not limit leadership to positions of formal authority We ask
How do leaders get things done?
23

Quick Comic

24

Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Transactional leadership
Reinforce followers for successful completion of their end of the bargain (contingent reward)

Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership motivates followers to strive toward higher goals or vision that transcend their immediate selfinterests Transformational leaders
Are charismatic and trusted Present a positive, appealing vision of the future Are seen as agents of change and innovation Encourage and support followers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEMXaTktUfA

25

Discussion Question
Is it always good to have a transformational (i.e., charismatic) leader?

26

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

It is important to not forget the follower in this whole leadership thing. LMX concerns the relationship that develops between a leader and his/her follower.
The goal is a high-quality relationship
Mutual trust and respect

27

Discussion Question
What are the outcomes of having a highquality relationship with ones leader?

28

Take-Home Points
There is a difference between management and leadership and they are both important There is a trend to focus on leader behaviors as opposed to leader traits Individuals can lead even if they are not in a position of formal authority

29