Presented by:

TARUN SINGH
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What is CFD?
CFD is the simulation of fluids engineering systems using
modeling (mathematical physical problem formulation) and
numerical methods (discretization methods, solvers, numerical
parameters, and grid generations, etc.)
Historically only Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) and
Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD).
CFD made possible by the advent of digital computer and
advancing with improvements of computer resources
(500 flops, 194720 teraflops, 2003)
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Why use CFD?
Analysis and Design
1. Simulation-based design instead of build & test
More cost effective and more rapid than EFD
CFD provides high-fidelity database for diagnosing flow field
2. Simulation of physical fluid phenomena that are difficult
for experiments
Full scale simulations (e.g., ships and airplanes)
Environmental effects (wind, weather, etc.)
Hazards (e.g., explosions, radiation, pollution)
Physics (e.g., planetary boundary layer, stellar evolution)
Knowledge and exploration of flow physics

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Modeling (governing equations)
Navier-Stokes equations (3D in Cartesian coordinates)
(

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2
2
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2

z
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(

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z
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Convection
Piezometric pressure gradient
Viscous terms
Local
acceleration
(

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=
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z
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Continuity equation
( ) ( ) ( )
0 =
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Equation of state
RT p =
Rayleigh Equation
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Dt
DR
Dt
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= +
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2
3
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Where is CFD used?
Aerospace
Automotive
HVAC
Hydraulics
Marine
Oil & Gas
Power Generation
Sports
F18 Store Separation

In Automotive Sector
1. To improve Aerodynamics
2. Engine Coolant Jackets
3. Under-hood thermal management
4. Passenger compartment comfort
5. In comparison with CFD, experimental studies
are expensive, carry limited information and it
is difcult to achieve sufcient turn-over

To Improve Aerodynamics and Reducing Air
Resistance

To changing value of angle between the hood and
front windshield of the car

Analyzing the back of the car with and without the
rear wing
Polygonal Car Model
Renderings of car model
CFD Methodology

Pre Processor (Gambit)
Solver(Fluent)
Post Processor
1. velocity contour
2. pressure contour
Pre Processor (Gambit)
4L L 2L
2L
Dimension and discretization of
domain
Finite volume mesh of first case of car
geometry of Hybrid Systems
Actual value of angle between the hood and front windshield of
the car
Without the Rearwing
Finite volume mesh of the second case of
car geometry
Increased value of angle between the hood and front
windshield of the car
With the Rearwing
Solver
Boundary Conditions

Velocity of the air at the inlet boundary condition is set in FLUENTwith a value of
27,7 m/s (100 km/h)

temperature of 300 K (26,85oC)

pressure outlet with the gauge pressure of 0 Pa

top and the bottom of the virtual wind tunnel are set as walls

density of air is set as 1.225 kg/m3

viscosity of air is 1.7894 x 10-5 kg/(ms)


Results or Post Processor
Velocity contours over the initial car geometry (first
case)
Velocity contours over the redesigned car geometry
(second case)
pressure contours over the initial car geometry (case
one)
Static pressure contours over the redesigned car
geometry (case two)


Velocity contours over the initial car
geometry (first case)
Velocity contours over the redesigned car
geometry (second case)
pressure contours over the initial car
geometry (case one)
pressure contours over the redesigned car
geometry (case two)

Actual design of the rear wing
Differences
Conclusion
On the basis of car model, computational fluid dynamics simulation
using FLUENT software to visualize airflow around the car geometry was
achieved.
CFD analysis was achieved to see a critical places in geometry which are
resulting in bad aerodynamics.
Leading to the obtained results, redesign of the car geometry was made.
Redesign in terms of increasing the angle between the hood and front
windshield of car, and adding rear wing
These changes isresulting with better airflow around the car, and
producing more down - force using the rear wing. Bigger amount of down
- force is resulting with better stability of the car and increasing traction.
Wings are very efficient aerodynamic add - in, because it creates lots of
down force and thereby with small effect to increasing drag. It is
established that in case of redesigned car geometry there is less
turbulences behind the car and turbulent zone is cleaner.

FURTHER WORK
After the 2D analysis of existing car geometry, in future
researches plan is to generate the 3D analysis too.
Taking into consideration the results obtained by 2D
and 3D analysis of existing car geometry, plan is to
create a new 3D car model, which will result in better
aerodynamic properties. Plan is also to generate a 3D
analysis of redesigned car model in order to analyze
improvements.
Depending on the capabilities, another plan is to
verification of the results obtained with CFD analysis
in a way to create a model that will be tested in a wind
tunnel.
Refrences
Milad Mafi, "Investigation of Turbulence Created by
Formula One Cars with the Aid of Numerical Fluid
Dynamics and Optimization of Overtaking Potential",
Competence Centre, Transtec AG, Tbingen, Germany,
Virag, Zdravko, Lectures from course "Numerical methods
Luke Jongebloed, "Numerical Study using FLUENT of the
Separation and Reattachment Points for Backwards -
Facing Step Flow", Mechanical Engineering Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Hartford, Connecticut, December,
2008,
ANSYS Fluent, Release 12.1: Help Topics
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