3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING CONTROLLER MODES

3/28/12

Special Control Structures

Override control is used to take control of an output from one loop to allow a more important loop to manipulate the output. The output from two or more controllers are combined in a high or low selector. The output from the selector is the highest or lowest individual controller output.

3/28/12

LSS: Low Selective Switch Output a lower of two inputs Prevents: 1. Level from going too low, 2. Pressure from exceeding limit (lower)

3/28/12

Example: Compressor Surge Control HSS Normal loop F C

S C motor

Gas in

P C

Gas out

3/28/12

Example: Steam Distribution System High Pressure Line

PC

HSS PC

3/28/12

Low Pressure Line

Hot spot T e m p er at e

T 1 T 2 Length of reactor

Temperature profiles in a tubular reactor 3/28/12

Auctioneering Control Systems

T T

T T

T T

T T

Auctioneeri ng TC

3/28/12

Cooling flow

Split Range Control: More than one manipulated variable is adjusted by the controller

3/28/12

3/28/12

3. Ratio Control Type of feedforward control

A FA FT Desired Ratio Divider Gc Disadvantage: Ratio may go To erratic Wild stream

FT B FB

3/28/12

However, one stream in proportion to another. Use if the ratio

Another implementation of Ratio Control Wild stream FA FT Multiplier Desired Ratio + FC

FT FB 3/28/12 Controlled stream

Ratio control is used to ensure that two or more flows are kept at the same ratio even if the flows are changing. Applications of ratio control: Blending two or more flows to produce a mixture with specified composition. Blending two or more flows to produce a mixture with specified physical properties. Maintaining correct air and fuel mixture to combustion.

3/28/12

The controlled flow(FIC-102) is increased and decreased to keep it at the correct ratio with the wild flow. The "wild flow" (FI-101) is the flow not controlled by this loop. It may be controlled by some other control loop. The "controlled flow" is controlled by this loop with a setpoint equal to the measured wild flow multiplied by some value (FF102). The measured wild flow is multiplied by a value that may be fixed or may be adjustable by the operator. The result of the multiplication becomes the setpoint of the controlled flow controller. The options, such as tracking, that apply to cascade control 3/28/12 also apply to ratio control. The controlled flow controller is a

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12

3/28/12