Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OVERVIEW
Glaukoma penyakit pada mata di mana terjadi kerusakan pada saraf optik dan menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan. Most, but not all, caused by elevated pressure inside the eye. Elevated IOP = ocular hypertension.
OVERVIEW
GLAUCOMA CAUSES
Aqueous humor provides structural support, oxygen, and nutrition to the tissues within the eye.
(eMedicineHealth.com, 2009)
Types of Glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma Angle-closure glaucoma Low-tension or normal-tension glaucoma Congenital glaucoma Secondary glaucoma Others type glaucoma (e.g. pigmentary, traumatic, neovascular, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma)
SYMPTOMS
Most people with glaucoma do not experience any symptoms till they began loss their vision significantly. Small blind spots may began to develop, usually in the peripheral vision. Other symptoms related to the raised IOP, include blurred vision, halos around the lights, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
(eMedicineHealth.com, 2009)
SYMPTOMS
The following may be indications of potentially serious problems that might require emergency medical attention:
Sudden loss of vision in one eye Sudden hazy or blurred vision Flashes of light or black spots Halos or rainbows around light
Normal eye
TREATMENT
Glaucoma CANNOT BE CURED, but it CAN BE CONTROLLED. Treatment is aimed to lower the pressure within the eye reduce production or increase outflow of the aqueous humor. Medications and surgery are used, depend on the type and severity of the case.
TREATMENT: Medications
Beta-blockers (such as timolol) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, can reduce the amount of aqueous humor produced. Alpha-adrenergic agonists, such as brimonidine, decrease the production of aqueous humor and also improve the drainage of it. Prostaglandins and cholinergic can increase drainage of aqueous humor.
TREATMENT: Surgery
Laser surgery:
Laser peripheral iridotomy (angle-closure glaucoma) a drainage hole is created in the iris in order to relieve the increased pressure inside the eye. Laser trabeculoplasty (primary open angle glaucoma) helps fluid drain out the eye. On anesthetized eye, there will be a special lens hold to the eye. Then a high-intensity beam of lights is aimed at the lens and reflected onto the meshwork inside the eye the laser makes several evenly spaced burns that stretch the drainage hole in the meshwork fluid drains better.
Laser Iridotomy
Laser Trabeculoplasty
Conventional Surgery
NURSING IMPLICATION
At least one week after surgery, patients are advised to keep water out of the eye. Daily activities can be done, but it is important to avoid driving, reading, bending, and doing any heavy lifting increase the IOP. Giving an adequate information about glaucoma: what it is, the causes, the treatment, and the most important thing is about their responsibility within the treatment.
REFERENCES
The National Eye Institute, Glaucoma, http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts .asp#1a, accessed 13 September 2009, 2.00 PM. Glaucoma Research Foundation, http://www.glaucoma.org/, accessed 13 September 2009, 1.55 PM. Noecker, RJ, Glaucoma Overview, http://www.emedicinehealth.com/glaucoma_overview/ar ticle_em.htm, accessed 19 September 2009, 12.32 PM. The University of Michigan, Glaucoma, http://www.kellogg.umich.edupatientcareconditionsglau coma.html, accessed 19 September 2009, 12.40 PM. Smeltzer and Bare, ????, BA Kep. Medikal Bedah, Edisi 8 Vol. 3, Jakarta: EGC.
Selamat Belajar.....!!!!!!
1. Diagnosa prioritas untuk kasus glaukoma 2. tanda khas pada glaukoma, vaskuler ?? 3. nyeri, mual, apa hub dengan kasus ? 4. membungkuk ? Rasionalnya apa ? 5. Perawatan pasca laser trabeculectomi , obat tetes mata ? 6. Penyakit glukoma seumur hidup ? Meski telah dilakkan operasi 7.Apakah bisa dilakuan operasi lanjut