THE PROCESS OF ACTION RESEARCH SEMINAR FAKHRUL ADABI JAFFRY BIN JAAFAR

Action Research in Malaysia

1946 Intoduced by Kurt Lewin (Social Psychology)
Two main ideas : i) result to share. ii) commitment for improvement.

1953 Adopted by Stephen Corey as Research in School at Teachers College Columbia University, New York. 1970 Lawrence Stenhouse introduce new concept Teacher as a Researcher

Action Research in Malaysia

Action Research expanded over Europe, Australia and USA 1988 Action Research concept was introduced by Prof. Stephen Kemmis to 41 lecturers form IPG and officer from BPG. 1990 an idea Teacher as a Researcher is a part of content in teacher service program. Action Research as a subject in syllabus in Diploma and Degree program.

ACTION RESEARCH MODEL

Lewin (1946; 1948)
Plan Action Observe Reflect

Kemmis & Mc Taggart (1988)

Reflect Plan Action Observe .

Zuber Skerritt (1996)

Strategic plan- Execute plan Observe - Reflect

Mc Niff (2002)
Reflect Aspect to study Plan Action Observe Change plan Execute findings - Spiral

ACTION RESEARCH PROCESS

ACTION RESEARCH

THE PROCESS OF ACTION RESEARCH

REFLECT
Process of memorize, think, deliberate and assess past experiences. Systematic inquiry by teacher towards self learning routine to fix and enhance the knowledge and understanding Knowles (1992) stated that :
one way to think about reflective is in terms of properties of mirrors. It change the direction causing them to move in direction opposite to that in which they originally travelled.

REFLECT
Trish (1992) in Norton (1997:404)
A reflective teacher is one who check back and say, Did that work? What could I do to help that child?. Its an on going check of the childs progress. You dont get to the end of the year and find out that one of your student cant read.

Dewey (1909; 1933) stated that :

Reflective thinking attitude.
Open-mindedness, whole-heartedness, intellectual responsibility.

REFLECT
Bey (1987) suggest that question:
What am I doing? Why am I doing? What other way can I do it? How does it work? Can I do it again or another way?

REFLECT
Purpose:
To assess and seek for improvement To analyze and match learning strategies with teaching aids. To analyze value in education based on teaching practices. To explains about student, communications, classroom setting and teaching & learning process.

REFLECT
Method:
Analyze self record by audio and video Discussion/ chatting. Involve in journal writing sharing idea. Change the task and role with counterparts to detect problems on T&L. Document analysis Use current article on education issues

REFLECT
Result:
New understanding
Understand why he/she achieve or not on activity

Awareness.
Know about situation, environment scanning.

Change in perception.
Previous: student have an attitude problem in class

Change in practices.
Collaboration with teacher and student.

REFLECT
Flash Back
Teachers routine in school. Teaching and Learning (p&p) session in class.
Recheck the strength and weakness of T&L The problem when delivered a message/knowledge/ skill.

Can be done individual or group (collaborations) The use of brainstorming technic will help to list out the problems and cause of the problem.

Fail to Badminton on T & L

.Dont know basic concept .Lack of belongings

.lack of drills
.Lazy

PARENTS .Leave it to school .Poor family FAIL !!!

STUDENT
.Play truant

.Not interested

.Misbehavior

NOT CLEAR BORING/ NOT ENERGETIC HOT TEMPERED FINISH EARLY

ENVIRONMENT
TEACHER .Uncontrolled class .Not conducive

.Noise/ Barriers
.Negative symptom

REFLECT

EARLY REFLECT

MIDDLE REFLECT

FINAL REFLECT

EARLY REFLECTION
Analyze situation and issues in your pedagogy Determine issues and identify suitable intervention. Example:
What is the problem in my class? Why it happen? How to solve this matter? What are the strategy to use? how to use it?

MIDDLE REFLECTION
Make early result on action process. Receive comment and spontaneous reprimand. Assess the effectiveness of intervention Example:
Did you agree with this intervention? What is your perception on this action? What are the limitation? What are the effective action?

FINAL REFLECTION
Synthesis on changes and self improvement. Reassessed the effect on intervention and the new outcome. Determine and summarize the outcome Plan to follow-up action. Example:
What are the changes after intervention? What do you feel on overall action? What are the conclusion on this action? How to plan your action after this?

ACTION RESEARCH

THE PROCESS OF ACTION RESEARCH

PLAN
The most important activity action research. A comprehensive plan in order to get a valuable findings. Planning Process in Action Research:
Reflect process on Teaching & Learning practices Determine the Focus of the study Determine the Objective of the study Selected Target group Planning and Implement action (R,F,O,T,P&I)

REFLECT
Based on experiences or activity by
yourself, students, skills, environment, lesson plan, teaching aids, communications, discipline and T&L.
I would like to express my feelings. I felt so regret and not satisfied with my self because I failed to taught my student. The words not understand" and how to do it synonym when every time I taught on PHE subject. They were too depending on me and they were not tried to do it. But I cant blame them 100% because of poor family background and lack of facilities. I always said thats a simple drills but you cant do it? ..That easy ok do it yourself without explanation in details and not aware about the problem faced by students.

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

Focus on one problem area only
Immediate action, important to stakeholders, easy and immediate to collect data, capability t solve it.
...Even I had detected several problems, my focus of the study is to develop skills more on passing ball drills. They have a limited knowledge when getting ball from others. I will focus on :
Communications Stop the ball . Passing the ball accurately.

I hope they will improve their skills to help them knowing each other, concentration, teamwork and have fun to do PHE.

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

Criteria to determine focus of study
i. Scope of the study
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) Is it the problem exits in your field? It will effect your teaching performance? Can you do something to solve it? Are you depend on others to make intervention? Short term or long term? Do you interested to solve this problems? Any negative effect if I not take action?

ii. Relevancy

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

Criteria to determine focus of study
iii. Manageability
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) Do you capable to solve it? Do you have enough time to do it? How about your preparation? What are the limitation? Is it your routine practices? Is it suite with your teaching method? Do you get any help from your counterparts? How about your school admin?

iv. Compatibility

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Main objective :
Changes in attitude either student or teacher.

Can be measureable on going and after study General Objective: based on your title
to improve skills on passing the ball with CSCP drills.

Specific Objective: measureable, attitude.

Student will be able to stop the ball with proper technic Student will be able to passing the ball accurately

TARGET GROUP
Can be:
student or teacher on that study.

State the:
number of target group?(in details), who involve?. The problems.

Example:
There were 15 male student form 3 Kenanga from SMK Subang were deployed in this study. They have a poor skills on passing the ball.

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

i) Early observation (problems) ii) Analyze the problem iii) Action plan iv) Implementation v) Observation

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

Early observation
To get a clear picture of the problem

Collected data :
Questionnaire . Interview Pre- test Document Analysis (home work, record book, attendance, result)

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

Analyze the problems

Name Comm Stop Accurate Pass achieve x x x x x x x x x x x Not achieve

Student A
Student B Student C Student D Student E

Based on analysis:

students cant pass the ball accurately Only one student achieved on passing

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

Action Plan
Plan the activity (intervention) suitable with focus of the study. Example: Multimedia show on how to passing the ball Use of nametag to call name Use cone and skittle to passing drills. Step of drills : short pass and long pass Mini game to see the result.

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

Implementation
Execute the intervention.
Activity 1 (10 minutes) Activity 2 (5 minutes) Activity 3 (20 minutes) Activity 4 (20 minutes) Multimedia show Imagery training Warm - up Communication skills Call your friends Passing Drills (partner) Stop and pass Short and long pass Mini game Cooling down Q & A session

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENT ACTION

Observation
The process of collecting and analyze data to assess the effectiveness of the action

To observe and record the reaction, changes on attitudes in your target group. To record any unexpected information, limitation, and obstacles. Analyze intervention and findings Reflection process and suggestion for future study.