MATHEMATICS FORM 5

CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY
CONTENTS
REVISION
A matrix is a rectangular table of numbers.
The horizontal line in a matrix are called rows.
The vertical lines are called columns.
Number inside the matrix are called elements.
The order of matrix is in the form of m x n
m - number of rows n - number of columns
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17
10
16
9
15
8
2 x 3
1
st
Row
2
nd
Row
1
st
Column 2
nd
Column 3
rd
Column
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a a a
a a a
23 22 21
13 12 11
2 x 3
Order
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=
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i h
g f
d c
b a
( ) r q p
d c
b a
=
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Two matrices are equal, if only if, both have the same order
and the same corresponding elements
Two matrices can be added or subtracted if they are of
the same order. The process is by adding or subtracting
the corresponding elements
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+ +
+ +
=
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+
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i d h c
g b f a
i h
g f
d c
b a
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=
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i d h c
g b f a
i h
g f
d c
b a
LEARNING OUTCOMES
SUBTOPIC
LETS DO IT
4.4B 4.4A 4.4C 4.4D
4.4 Multiplication Of A Matrix By A Number
Learning Outcomes
Multiply A matrix by A number
Express A given matrix as A multiplication
Of another matrix by A number
Perform calculation on matrices involving
Addition, subtraction and scalar multiplication
Solve matrix equations involving addition,
Subtraction and scalar multiplication

a b c
d e f
k
m x n
=
a b c
d e f
k
k k
k
k
k
Multiplicand
Multiplier
m x n
Product
4.4A Multiplying Of A Matrix By A Number
Where k is a number
Multiplication of a matrix by a number is the process of multiplying
each element in the matrix by that number.
Multiply:
1 8 -3
4 -2 5
3
2 x 3
=
1 8 -3
4 -2 5
2 x 3
3X
3X
3X
3X
3X
3X
3 24 -9
12 -6 15
2 x 3
=
4.4B Expressing Of A Matrix
Expressing a Given Matrix as
Multiplication of a Matrix by a Number
a b c
d e f
=
p k
m k
r k
o k
q k
n k
p
m
r
o
q
n
=
k
Do It:
4 10
-16 -8
=
2X
=
2
2
-8
5
-4
2 2X
2X (-8)
2X 5
(-4)
Given that
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=
8 4
1 3
2 6
A
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=
1 2
3 4
0 5
B and
Find 3A+2B
= 3
6 2
3 1
-4 8
+
2
-5 0
4 3
2 -1
=
6 2
3 1
-4 8
+
3X 3X
3X
3X
3X
3X
2X
2X 2X
2X
2X
2X
-5
0
4
3
2
-1
4.4C Addition, Subtraction and Scalar Multiplication
=
+
18 6
9
-12
3
24
-10
8
4
0
6
-2
=
18
(-10)
+ + 6 0
+
9 8 + 3 6
+
-12 4 + 24 -2
=
8 6
17
-8
9
22
If
3a -2
1 6b
3
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
find the values of a and b
3a -2
1 6b
3
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
3X
3X 3X
3X -2
1 6b
3a
18b
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
9a
3
-6
4 2 9a - =
9a 2 = 4 +
9a = 6
a =
2
3
18b - 1 = 7
18b = 7 1 +
18b = 8
= b 4
9
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=
d c
b a
A
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+
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= +
d c
b a
d c
b a
A A
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=
d c
b a
2 2
2 2
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=
d c
b a
2
Multiply:
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2
2
1
8 7
a)
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1
5
2
1
8
b)
Multiply:
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=
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14
2
7
56 2
2
1
8 7
a)
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=
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8
40
4
1
5
2
1
8
b)
Express each of the following matrices as
the multiplication of a matrix by a number.
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8 16
10 4 a)
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1 6 21
6 27 0
3 15 9
b)
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=
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4 8
5 2
2
8 16
10 4 a)
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=
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3
1
2 7
2 9 0
1 5 3
3
1 6 21
6 27 0
3 15 9
b)
ARITHMATIC RULES
B-bracket

O-power of

D-division

M-multiplication

A-addition

S-subtraction
Given
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=
0 2
3 4
A , and
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=
2 1
0 4
B
.
Find:
a) 2A+3B
b) 3A-2B
Given
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=
0 2
3 4
A , and
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=
2 1
0 4
B
a) 2A+3B
b) 3A-2B
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=
6 1
6 4
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=
4 8
9 20
Given
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c
b
a
Y . Find Y if
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=
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+
0
1
8
7
2
3
3Y
Given
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=
c
b
a
Y . Find Y if
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=
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+
0
1
8
7
2
3
3Y
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=
3
7
1
3
11
Y
Worksheet 1
Worksheet 2
Multiply:
1 8 -3
4 -2 5
3
2 x 3
=
1 8 -3
4 -2 5
2 x 3
3X
3X
3X
3X
3X
3X
3 24 -9
12 -6 15
2 x 3
=
=
+
18 6
9
-12
3
24
-10
8
4
0
6
-2
=
18
(-10)
+ + 6 0
+
9 8 + 3 6
+
-12 4 + 24 -2
=
8 6
17
-8
9
22
Do It:
4 10
-16 -8
=
2X
=
2
2
-8
5
-4
2 2X
2X (-8)
2X 5
(-4)
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
3X
3X 3X
3X -2
1 6b
3a
18b
-
4 -12
11 1
=
2 6
-8 7
9a
3
-6
4 2 9a - =
9a 2 = 4 +
9a = 6
a =
2
3
18b - 1 = 7
18b = 7 1 +
18b = 8
= b 4
9
a b c
d e f
=
p k
m k
r k
o k
q k
n k
Expressing Of A Matrix
p
m
r
o
q
n
=
k
Multiplying Of A Matrix
a b c
d e f
k
Addition, Subtraction and
Scalar Multiplication
Problem Solving
YES NO
ARE YOU SURE YOU
WANT TO QUIT ?
IF YOU DONT PLAN,
YOU PLAN TO FAIL.