MATHMATICS

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

PRESENTED BY
Monika Shama Rusha Md. Sazzad Hossain Naznin Haque Nipa Kanij Fatema Ajharul Islam

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CONCEPTS OF NUMBER

Natural Numbers Whole Numbers Integers Real Numbers Rational Numbers Scientific Notation Ratio and Proportion

NUMBERS
Number is which with we count. example we can write : 1,2,3,4,5,6, There are 2 types of basic numbers :

For

number

natural whole
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NATURAL NUMBER :
The numbers with which we count, that is, the Natural Numbers. 1,2,3,4,5,.etc We will denote the collection or set of Natural Numbers by N.

There are 2 types of Natural Numbers.

NATURAL

COMPOSITE

PRIME

PRIME NUMBER:A Prime number is not expressible as a product of factors other than 1 and ITSELF. The prime numbers between 1 to 20 are1,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,17, and19. For example:- 11=1, 21=2

COMPOSITE NUMBERS:A Composite number is expressible as a product of prime factors other 1 and ITSELF. The Prime numbers are 4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,18,20 Example:- 4= 41=4 , 22=4
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INTEGER:Integer is the combination of the set of whole numbers and the set of negative integer . For ex:- . . . . . . -3,-2, -1, 0,1 ,2 ,3 , 4, . . . . . . . . .

COMPLEX NUMBER:Non real number is called Complex number. Example :- -3, -2, -5/7 (a+ib) is the form of Complex number.
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REAL NUMBERS:Real numbers is the combination set of Rational and Irrational numbers. The set of Real numbers is denoted by R. real rational irrational

Irrational numbers :Among the numbers that are not rational are called Irrational numbers. Example :- 7/5, .3333
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RATIONAL NUMBERS :The Rational number is a number that can be written in the form a/b Where a and b are integers and b0. Rational numbers can be written in 2 forms. RATIONAL

fraction

decimal
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FRACTION NUMBER:When a rational numbers are expressed by a fraction from that is called a fractional form of rational numbers. Ex:- 5/7, 10/3 DECIMAL :When a rational numbers written as a decimal that is called a decimal form. Ex :- 0.125, -0.76, 8.333
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DECIMAL NUMBER :There are 2 forms of Decimal number. DECIMAL repeating form terminating form

Repeating form :- A Repeating form is one that continues on forever but that eventually begins to repeat the same digit over and over without end. For ex:- 0.8989.., and 5.4123123. Terminating form:- Terminating form is one that eventually stops; it has only a finite number of nonzero decimal places. Example :- 0.125, -0.564, 17.4521

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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, RATIO, PROPORTION :

Scientific notation :-

Scientific notation is a way of writing a number as the product of a power of 10 and a decimal number with one (nonzero) digit to the left of the decimal point. Ex :- 3.9710, 4.610 RATIO :Ratio is a comparison of two quantities. Its denoted by a/b or a:b. PROPORTION :Proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal. An example of a true proportion is 2/3 = 12/18.

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MEASUREMENT AND DATA HANDLING

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THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS :

The measurement process is a series of steps involving

selection of a standard, comparison of the quantity to be evaluated with the standard and recording a result.

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ENGLISH AND SI SYSTEM :English system also called : British system Engineering system FPS system (for foot, pound, second) SI system also called : Metric system MKS system (meter, kilogram, second) MKSA system (for meter, kilo gram, second, ampere)

In each system , units are defined for certain basic quantities.

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BASIC QUANTITY AND UNIT :

A basic quantity is a physical quantity that is defined in terms of a standard without reference to other quantity.

A unit is a name given to the standard that represent a basic quantity. Here, 5 common basic quantities :Quantity English unit SI unit C

length mass force Time Current

*(nb) signifies nonbasic units.

foot slug(nb)* pound second ampere

meter kilogram new ton (nb)* second ampere

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UNITS FOR THESE QUANTITIES WILL FREQUENTLY BE

DESIGNATED BY A ONE OR TWO LETTER ABBREVIATION.
English system foot (ft) slug (no abbrev) second (s) pound (lb) ampere (A) SI system meter (m) kilogram (kg) second (s) new ton (N) ampere (A)

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CONVERSION TABLE :

Table 1.1 : ENGLISH to SI Value of English conversion unit of : factor feet (ft) 0.3048 (m ft) pounds (lb) 4.45 (N lb ) seconds (s) 1 slugs (lb-s ft ) 14.59 (kg slug) velocity (ft s) 0.3048 (m ft) work (ft-lb) 1.356 (J (ft-lb)) power (ft-lb s ) 1.356 pounds (lb) 0.4536

=value in SI unit of meters (m) new tons (N) seconds (s) kilograms(kg) (m s) joules (J) watts (W) kilograms

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CONVERSION TABLE :

Table 1.2 : SI to English Value of SI conversion =value in unit of: factor English unit of: meters (m) 3.281 (ft m) feet (ft) new tons (N) 0.2247 (lb N) pounds (lb) seconds (s) 1 seconds (s) kilograms (kg) 0.0685 (slug kg) slugs (lb-s ft) velocity (m s) 3.281 (ft m) (ft s) work (J) 0.7376 (ft-lb J) (ft-lb) power (W) 0.7375 (ft-lb s) kilograms (kg) 2.205 pounds

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HERE, THE UNIT PREFIXES, THEIR ABBREVIATION AND:unit prefix giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro u nano pico G M k h da d c m n p
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Abbreviation giga mega kilo base milli

micro nano pico

We arrange the units in a manner that will suggest a method of conversion from one unit to another.