KIMIA (PAI 08128) 2 SKS

MATERI KULIAH : 1. Struktur atom 2. Konfigurasi elektron 3. Sistem Berkala 4. Sifat periodik (potensial ionisasi, jari-jari atom, afinitas elektron, keelektronegatifan) 5. Teori ikatan kimia 6. Struktur molekul 7. Sifat gas 8. Zat padat dan kisi kristal 9. Cairan 10. Asam basa 11. Stoikiometri 12. Hk. Termodinamika dan Termokimia

MATERI
Penilaian :

Kuis : 20 % Tugas terstruktur : 20 % Kehadiran : 10 % UTS : 25 % UAS : 25 %

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Atom smallest particle of an element capable of uncombined existence

Molecule is smallest unit of compound or substance; combination of 2 or more atoms

Contains exceedingly small nucleus with all of the + charge and most of total mass, protons, neutrons

Electrons equal in number to protons, negative charges surround nucleus

Hydrogen simplest ( 1 proton, 1 electron) Helium next (2 protons, 2 electrons, 2 neutrons)

What are the 3 major parts of an atom?

What are the 3 major parts of an atom?

Proton Neutron Electron

Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom.

Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom.

http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/fuel.html

Draw a diagram showing the charges of each part of the atom.

Draw a Diagram of an Atom

Draw a diagram showing the charges of each part of the atom.

Describe Proton
Protons are positively charged particles found in the atomic nucleus. Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford..

Describe Neutron
Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the atomic nucleus. Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.

Describe Electron
Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus. Electrons were discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897. Electrons determine properties of the atom. Chemical reactions involve sharing or exchanging electrons.

Describe Nucleus
The nucleus is the central part of an atom. It is composed of protons and neutrons. The nucleus contains most of an atom's mass. It was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911.

Subatomic Particles
Particle
Electron (e-) Proton (p+) Neutron (no)

Charge

Mass (g)

Location

-1

9.11 x 10-28

Electron cloud

+1 0

1.67 x 10-24 1.67 x 10-24

Nucleus Nucleus

Complete Symbols
Contain the symbol of the element, the mass number and the atomic number.

Superscript

Mass number

Subscript

Atomic number

Atomic Number
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons How then are atoms of one element different from another element? Elements are different because they contain different numbers of PROTONS The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus # protons in an atom = # electrons

Atomic Number
Atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element.

Element
Carbon

# of protons
6

Atomic # (Z)
6

Phosphorus
Gold

15
79

15
79

Mass Number
Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope:

Mass # = p+ + n0

Nuclide
Oxygen 16 Arsenic 75 Phosphorus - 31

p+
6 33 15

n0
10 42 16

e8

Mass #
16 75 31

33
15

EXAMPLE
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are found in an atom of

133 55

Cs

Atomic number = protons and electrons There are 55 protons and 55 electrons
Mass number = sum of protons and neutrons 133 55 = 78 There are 78 neutrons

Hydrogen

1
1

Protons: 1 Neutrons: 0 Electrons: 1

Sodium

23
11

Na

Protons: 11 Neutrons: 12 Electrons: 11

 When an atom or molecule gain or loses an electron, it becomes an ion. A cation has lost an electron and therefore has a positive charge An anion has gained an electron and therefore has a negative charge.

Atomic Mass
Atomic Number

Symbol

Charge (if ion)

Sodium

Protons: 11 Neutrons: 12 Electrons: 10

23

11

+ Na

Symbols

Find each of these: a) number of protons b) number of neutrons c) number of electrons d) Atomic number e) Mass Number

80 35

Br

Symbols

If an element has an atomic number of 34 and a mass number of 78, what is the: a) number of protons b) number of neutrons c) number of electrons d) complete symbol

Symbols

If an element has 91 protons and 140 neutrons what is the a) Atomic number b) Mass number c) number of electrons d) complete symbol

Symbols

If an element has 78 electrons and 117 neutrons what is the a) Atomic number b) Mass number c) number of protons d) complete symbol

Rhenium

186

75

Re

Rhenium isotope

187

75

Re

 Isotop adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor atom sama, tetapi nomor massanya berbeda.
Contoh : 12 C , 6
13 6

Isobar adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor atom berbeda, tetapi nomor massanya sama.
Contoh :
14 6

14 7

Isoton adalah atom-atom yang mempunyai nomor atom berbeda, tetapi jumlah neutronnnya sama.
Contoh :
13 6

14 7

 Contoh soal
Tentukan jumlah proton dan neutron dalam isotop-isotop berikut ini:
1 1

H , 2 H, 3 H, 1 1

12 6

C,

14 6

C,

14 7

N,

15 7

N,

23 11

Na,

24 11

Na, dan

24 12

Mg