Mathematica

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica
Mathematica

1 Mathematica
1.

Mathematica

2.

3.

Mathematica

1.1.1 Mathematica
MathematicaWolfram

WindowsMathematica4.0
Windows

Mathematica4.0
Notebook
Untitled-1

1+1Shift+Enter

In[1]Out[1]In[1]

Shift+Enter
In[2]Out[2]

 MathematicaNotebook

Mathematica
built-in function,

(1)
Abs[x]Sin[x]Cos[x]e
Log[x]a
Log[a,x]
(2)
Plot[f[x],{x,xmin,xmax}]
Solve[eqn,x]D[f[x],x]


Mathematica

FindMinimum[f[x],{x,x0]
Mathematica

[ ]

[-1010]
plot[Sin[x],{x,-10,10}]
plot
Plot
Plot

Plot[Sin[x],{x,-10,10}

1.1.2
Mathematica

 Mathematic
x/(2+3x)+y*(x-w)

 FILEPalettes->Basic
Input

 MathemMatica

FILE
Complete
Characters,

1.2 Mathematica
Mathematica

1Notebook,
??
, ,
PlotPlot
PlotPlot (
??)? Plot*
Plot
2 HelpF1
Help Browser, ,


Built-in Function

Add-ons

Standard Packages
MathLink Library
Mathematica

The Mathematica
Book
Getting Started/
Demos

Other Information

Master Index

 Mathematica
Mahematica

Mathematica
The Mathematica Book
Contents

Goto

PlotPlot

 Plot
Mathematica
Built-in Functions

Built-in Functions ->Graphics and Sound>2D Plots->PlotPlot

Goto

PlotPlot
1-5Plot

Mathematica
Built-in Functions

Built-in Functions ->Graphics and

Sound->2D Plots->PlotPlot

2 Mathematica
1. mathematica

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

2.1
1
Mathematic

Mathemateic

210031
ln[1]:=2^100
Out[1]=1267650600228228229401496703205376

Mathematica

In[2]:=12345/5555
Out[2]=2469/1111
Mathematica

ln[3]:=0.239998
Out[3]=0.23998
ln[4]:=0.12*10^11
Out[4]=0.12*10^11

MathematicaI

In[6]:=3+0.7I
Out[6]:=3+0.7I

 2.
Mathematica

Out[n]ln[n]

Mathematica

N[x]

N[x,n]

x
n

Rationalize[x]

Rationalize[x,dx]

x,
dx

 []
ln[1]=N[5/3,20]
Out[1]=1.66666666666666666667
ln[2]:=N[%,10]
Out[2]=1.66666667
10

In[3]=Rationalize[%]
Out[3]=5/3

 3.
Mathematica

Pi
=
3.1415926535897932

Degree

e=
2.7182818284590452
Pi/180

I= -1

Infinity

Infinity

GoldenRatio

=
1.6180339887498948


,
In[1]:=Pi^2
2
Out[1]=
ln[2]:=Pi^2//N
Out[2]=9.86961

4.

NumberForm[expr,n]

n
expr

ScientificForm[expr]

expr

EngineeringForm[expr]
expr


ln[1]:=N[Pi^30,30]
14
8.21289330402749581586503585434
10
Out[1]=
ln[2]:=NumberForm[%,10]
14
Out[2]//NumberForm= 8.212893304 10
3
In[3]=EngineeringForm[%%]
Out[3]//EngineeringForm=
821.289330402749581586503585434 1012

2.2
1
Mathematica

a12,ast,aST12a
z*aMathematica
Mathematica

2
Mathmatica

In[1]:=x=3
Out[1]=3
In[2]:=x^2+2x
Out[2]=15
In[3]:=x=%+1
Out[3]=16

 ,

In[4]:={u,v,w}={1,2,3}
Out[4]={1,2,3}
In[5]:=2u+3v+w
Out[5]=11

Clear[x]

ln[6]:=u=.
ln[7]:=2u+v
Out[7]=2+2u

3.

expr/.
In[1]:=f=x/2+1
x
Out[1]= 1 2
In[2]:=f/.x->1
3
Out[2]= 2
In[3]:=f/.x->2
Out[3]=3

expr/.{x->xval,y->val}
In[4]:=(x+y)(x-y)^2/.{x->3,y->1-a}
Out[4]= (4 - a) (2 + a)^2

2.3
1
Mathmatic

Floor[x]
Ceiling[x]

x
x

Sign[x]

Round[x]

Abs[x]

Max[x1,x2,x3..]

x1,x2,x3.

Min[x1,x2,x3..]

x1,x2,x3.

Random[]

0~1

Random[Real,xmax] 0~xmax
Random[Real,{xmin, xmin~xmax
xmax}]
Exp[x]

Log[x]

lnx

Log[b,x]

Sin[x],Cos[x],Tan[x],
Csc[x],Sec[x],Cot[x]

Sinh[x],Cosh[x],Tanhx[x],
Csch[x],Sech[x],Coth[x]
ArcSech[x],ArcCoth[x]

Mod[m,n]
Quotient[m,n]

mn
n
m/n

GCD[n1,n2,n3]
GCD[s]
LCM[n1,n2]
LCM[s]
n!

n1,n2,
s
n1,n2.
s
n

n!!

 Mathematica
Mathematica

Mathematica

 2
1

f[x_]=expr
f,xexpr
expr xfx(x_)

f[x_]=x*Sinx+x^2

 Clear[f]
Remove[f]
2

f[x_,y_,z_,]=expr
x,y,z.,expr

f(x,y)=xy+ycosx

==f[x_]
=expr

4If

If
IfIf[12]
12If

If

2.4

Mathematica
Lista,b,c
{{a,b},{c,d}}

1,2,3.

In[1]:={1,2,3}
Out[1]={1,2,3}

In[2]:=1+%x+x^%
Out[2]={1+2x,1+2x+x2,1+3x+x2}

 x
In[3]:=D[%,x]
Out[3]={2,2+2x,3+3x2}
In[4]:=%/.x->1
Out[4]={2,4,6}

Table[f,{I,min,max,step stepf
}]
iminmax
Table[f,{min,max}]
fImin
max 1
Table[f,max]
maxf
Table[f,{I,imin,imax},{j,
jmin,jmax},.]
TableForm[list]

Range[n]
Range[n1,n2,d]

1,2,..

n1, n1+d,
n1+d , ., n2

 xii[2,6]:
In[1]:=Table[x*i,{i,2,6}]
Out[1]={2x,3x,4x,5x,6x}
In[2]:=Table[x^2,{4}]
Out[2]={x2,x2,x2,x2}
Range
In[3]:=Range[10]
Out[3]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
2820
In[4]:=Range[8,20,2]
Out[4]={8,10,12,14,16,18,20}

In[5]:=Table[2i+j,{i,1,3},{j,3,5}]
Out[5]={{5,6,7},{7,8,9},{9,10,11}}
TableForm
In[6]:=%//TableForm
Out[6]//TableForm=5 6 7
7 8 9
9 10 11

2
tt[[i]] Part[t,i] t
it={1,2,a,b}, t[[3]]
a

ln[1]:=t=Table[I+2,j{I,1,3},{j,3,5}]
Out[1]={{7,9,11},{8,10,12},{9,11,13}}
ln[2]:=t[[2]]
Out[2]={8,10,12}


1
{e1,e2,...}

Table[expr,{imax}]

imax

Table[expr,{i,imax}}

imaxexpr

Table(expr,{iimin,imax}

{j,jmin,jmax},..]
Range[imax]

f12+imax)

Range[iminimaxdi]

di

Array[f,n]

fI(i1n)

Array[f,{n1,n2..}]

i1 (1ni)

IdentityMatrix[n]

DiagonalMatrix[list]

2
Part[expr,i]expr[[i]] i
expr[[-i]]

expr[{i,j,..}]

expr[{i1,i2,..}]

i(n)

FirstCexpr]

Last[expr]

Head[expr]

expr[[0]]

Extract[expr,list]

listexpr

Take[list,n]

listn

Take[list{m,n}]

listmn

Drop[list,n]

listn

Rest[expr]

list

Select [UStcrit]

critlistTrue

Length[expr]

expr

Dimensions[expr]

(n1,n2..},exprnl*n2

TensorRank[expr)

Depth[expr]

expr

Level[expr,n]

exprn

Count[UStpaUem] list
MembefQ[1ist
form]

listform

FreeQ[expr,form]

MemberQ

FreeQ[expr,form]

pattern

Cases[{e1,e2}
pattem}

pattemei

3
Append[exp[elem]

exprelem

Prepend[expr,elem)

exprelem

Insert[1istelemn] nelem
lnsert[expr,elem,{i,j,.
expr[[{i,j,..}]]elem
..}]
Delete[expr,{i,j,..}]

expr[[{i,j,..}]]

DeleteCases[expr,pa
pattern
ttem]
ReplacePart[expr,ne
exprnnew
w,n]
Sort[list]

list

Reverse[expr]

expr

RotateLeft[expr,n]

exprn

RotateRight[expr,n] exprn
Partition[list,n]

listn

Flatten[1istl

Flatten[1ist,n]

Split[1ist]

2.5
1.
Mathematica

Mathematica

Mathematica

f[x,y]

Expand[expr]

Factor[expr]

Simplify[expr]

(x+y)^4 (x+y^2)

x>0, y=0

Mathematica

x==y

x!=y

x>y

x>=y

x<y

x<=y

x==y==z

x!=y!=z

x>y>z,etc

 x,y
In[1]:=x=2;y=9
Out[1]=9;
In[2]:=x>y
Out[2]=False

In[3]:=3^2>y+1
Out[3]=True

&&||
XorIf

In[4]:=3x^2<Y+1&&3^2==y
Out[4]=False
In[5]:=3x^2+1||3^2==y
Out[5]=True

3 Mathematica
1.

2.

3.

3.1

Mathematica

Expand[ploy]

ploy

ExpandAll[ploy]

ploy

Factor[ploy]

poly

FactorTerms[ploy
{x,y,}]
Simplify[poly]
FullSimplify[ploy]

x,y,

Collect[ploy,x]

polyx

Collect[poly,{x,y}]

polyx,y.

3.2
Mathematica
x2-2x+1=0
Mathematica=
==
x^2-2x+1==0

Rootsx^2-3x+2

 x12
Solve[]

Solve[lhs==rhs,vars]

NSolve[lhs==rhs,vars]

Roots[lhs==rhs,vars]

FindRoot[lhs==rhs,{x,x0}

x=x0

 Solve

Solve
Mathematica

x3+5x+3=0

N.


Mathematica
FindRoot[]

3Cosx=logx

 x=1

x=10

 x=5

2.
SolveNSolveFindRoot
Solve

3.
ax2+bx+c=0Solve

 a,b,c

Reduce
a,b,c

4.

x4+bx2+c=0x2=y

Mahematica

Solve[ ]
ScSin2x+Cos2x=1

3.3
Mathematica
Sum
Product

Sum[f,{i,imin,imax}]
Sum[f,{i,imin,imax,di}] dii

Sum[f,{i,imin,imax},{j,jmin,jmax}]

Product[f,{i,imain,imax}]
Product [f,{i,imin,imax,di}] dii
Product[f,{I,imin,imax},{j,jmin,jmax}]

Nsum[f,{i,imin,Infinity}]
NProduct[f,{i,imin,Infinity}]

4
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4.1
Mathematica

Plot[f{xxminxmax}option>value]

.
Plot[{f1,f2,f3,}, {x,xmin,xmax},option>value]

 Mathematica

->
Plot

AspectRatio

1/0.618

AxesLabel

PlotLabel

PlotRange

PlotStyle

PlotPoint

25

1.
(1)

(2)Ticks

(3)x Time,y
Height

(4)(30)

(5)xy

(6)y

(7)
Show

2.
Mathematica

:
x12
ListPlot[{y1,y2,..}]
y1,y2,
ListPlot[{{x1,y1},{x2
xi,yi
,y2},..}]
ListPlot[List,PlotJoi

ned->True]

(1)

3.
Plot
ParametrecPlot
ParametricPlot

ParametricPlot[{fx,fy},{t,tmin,tmax}]

ParametricPlot[{fx,fy},{gx,gy},.{t,t
min,tmax}]

ParametricPlot[{fx,fy},{t,tmin,tmax},
AspectRatio->Automatic]

(1).

(2)

4.3

Graykvel[]

0()l()

RGBColor[r,g,b]

01

Hue[A]

01

Hue[h,s,b]

01

PointSize[d]

d
Plot

AbsolutePointSize[d]
Thickness[w]

d(
)
wPlot

AbsoluteThickness[w]

w(
)

Dashing[wl,w2,.]

wlw2,

Absolutedashing[{w1,w2

,..}]
PlotStyle->style
Plot
PlotStyle>{{Style1},{Style2} Plot
.}

MeshStyle->Style

1.
Mathematicaa

2.

3.

4.4
Mathematica

Show[plot]

Show[plot,option->value]

Show[plot1,plot2,plot3]
Show[GraphcisArray[{{plot1,
plot2,}}]]

InputForm[plot]

1.Show
Sin[x^2]

2.Show
Show

Mathematica
-xsin(2x+Pi)
xcos(2x)

GraphicsArray

4.5
f(xy)
Plot3DPlot3DPlot
ListPlot3D
ListPlot

Plot3D[f ,(x,xmin,xmax)(y,ymin,ymax)]
xyf
ListPlot3D[{Z11,Z12,}{Z21,Z22,},..]]
Zvx

True

AxesLabel

None

zlabelz
{xlabel,ylabel,zlabel}

Boxed

True

Axes

ColorFunction
TextStyle
OrmatType

Automati Hue
c

STextSty

le
Standard

Form

Sdlisplay
Indentity
DisplayFunction
Functi

on

FaceGrids

None

All

HiddenSurface True

Lighdng

True

Mesh

True

xy

PlotRange

Automati
All{zmin,zmax}
c
{xminn,xmax}
{ymin,ymax},{zmin,zmax}

Shading

True

ViewPoint

{13
24,2}

1.
(1)Sin(x+y)Cos(x+y)

 PlotRange

(3)

(4)

2.

3.

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz},{t,tmin,tmax}]
ParametricPlot
Mathematica
t

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz},{t,t
min,tmax}]

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz},{t,t
min,tmax},{u,umin,umax}]

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz,s}
..]

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz},{g
x,gy,gz}..]]

ParametricPlot3D[{fx,fv,fz},{t,tmin,tmax}
{u,umin,umax}]

5
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.1
MathematicaLimit

Limit[expr,x->x0]

xx0expr

Limit[expr,x->x0,Direction- xx0expr
>1]

Limit[expr,x->x0,Direction- xx0expr
>-1]

+-
1

5.2
1.
Mathematica
D[f,x],xf

D[f,x]

D[f,x1,x2,]

D[f,{x,n}]

D[f,x, NonConstants>{v1,v2,----}]

v1,v2x


1.Sinx

2.exSinx2

3.aSinax

4.f(x,y)=x^2*y+y^2
x,y

Mathematica

2.
MathematicaD[f,x]f
fxf
D[f,x]fxDt[f,x]
ff
x.Dt
Dt[f]

df

Dt[f,x]

Dt[f,x1,x2,]

Dt[f,x,Constants->{c1,c2,.}]

c1,c2..

 x^2+y^2

yx
yx
x^2+xy^3+yz z

 yxy

5.3
1.
Mathematica
Integerate[f,x]

Mathematica


MatheMatica

2.
Integrate

Integrate[f,{x,min,max}]

3.

Integrate

Nintegrate[f,{x,a,b}]

[a,b]f

NIntegrate[expr,{x,xmi
n,xmax},{y,ymin,yma
x},...]
Nintegrate[f,{x,a,x1,x2, x1,x2.[a,b]
,b}]

Sinsinx[0,Pi]

Integrate

[-11]
x=0
0

5.4

( I ) D[f,x1,x2,...,xn]
:

6
1.

2.

6.1
MathematicaDsolove[ ]

C[1],C[2]

Mathematica
y[x]y[x],y[x]
()

Dsolve[eqn,y[x],x]

y[x]

Dsolve[eqn,y,x]

Dsolve[{eqn1,eqn2,},{y1
,y2,.},x]

1Dsolvey[x]

 y[x]y[x]
y[x]y[0]y[x]
y[x],y[0]
.

2
Dsolve
y,

 yy

6.2
MathematicaDSolve[]
NDSolve
(x,xmin,xmax)
NDSolve

yix

 NDSolve[{eqn1,eqn2,},y,{x,xmin,xmax}]
yx[xmin,xmax]
NDSolve[{eqnl,eqn2,}
{y1,y2,}{x,xmin,xmax}]yi

 Mathematica

Evaluate
InterpolatingFunction

7 Mathematica
1.

2.

3.

7.1
Module[{x,y,...},bod
x,y
y]
Module[{x=x0,y=y0,
},body]

lhs:=Module[vars,r
hs/:cond]

rhscond

Block[{x,y,... },body] x,y, body

Block[{x=x0,y=y0,
},bddy]

x,y,..

 t, Mathematica
:
ln[1]:=t=10
Out[1]=10
t,
t
ln[2]:=Module[{t}, t=8; Print[t]]

t10:
ln[3]=t=10
Out[3]=10

 t10:
ln[6]:=t=10
Out[6]=10

 Mathematica

,,
Block[ ]x,
x:

 Module[vars,body]
bodyMathematica

vatsvars
Block[vats,body]body
Body
vars

ln[12]:=m=i^2
Out[12]:=i2
In[13]:=Block[{i=a}i+m]
Out[13]=a+a2
In[14]:=Module[{i=a}i+m]
Out[14]=a+i2

7.2

If[test,then,else]

test, then
else

testl
which[test1,value1test2...]

Switch[expr,forml,value1,for
m2,...]

exprformi

Switch[expr,form1,
value1,form2,_def]

def

1. If
ln[1]:=If [1>0, 1+2, 2+3]
Out[1]=3
2Which
,If
,
WhitchSwitch
Which,
:

 Switch:

 Mathemahca,

, If
:
ln[1]:=If[x==y,a,b]
Out[1]=If[x==y,a,b]
If,

 ln[2]:=If[x==y,a,b,c]
Out[2]=c
ln[5]:=TrueQ[x==x]
Out[5]=True
ln[6]:=TrueQ[x==y]
Out[6]=false
===:
In[7]:x===y
Out[7]:=False

4.

expri,
expr1&&expr2&&expr3

exprl||expr2||expr3

expri,

 :
In[l0]:=t[x_]:=(x!=0&&1/x<3)
,
,,
10,
ln[12]:=t[0]
Out[12]=False

7.3
Mathematica
Mathematica ,
; ,
,
,

1. Do
Do:

Do[expr,{i,imax}]

expr,1,i1
imax

Do[expr,{i,imin,im expr,di,i
ax,di}]
iminimax
Do[expr,{n}]

expr n

 Print[i+i^2], i13:

 Do

2. WhileFor

While[test,bo test
dy]
body
start
For[start,test,
bodyincrtest
incr,body]

While,
While
test

 For

 For

 MathematicaWhileFor

WhileFor

3.
i++
i-++i
--i
i+=di
i-=di
x*=C
x=c
{x,y}={y,x}

i1
i1
i1
i1
idi
idi
xC
xc
xy

4.
Nest[f, x, n]

exprfn

FixedPoint[f expr
x]

NestWhile[f,ex exprf
pr,test]

5.

Break[]

Continue[]

Return[expr]

expr

Goto[name]

Label[name]

Throw[value]

expr

Continue[]

Return

Throw