Center for Flow Physics and Control

College of Engineering University of Notre Dame

Tradition of Aerodynamic Research

Center for Flow Physics and Control (FlowPAC) 1888 1920 1940 1992 2001 2008

Zahm Manned Glider Flight

Aerospace Building

Hessert Laboratory

White Field Laboratory

50,000 sq-ft of laboratory and office space

What is Flow Physics and Control

Control: Techniques for modifying fluid flows to achieve desired outcomes Physics: Rely on basic understanding of the flow to minimize control authority
IMPACT
(Flow Physics) (Control)

Control

-15dB

Sound Reduction
Basic Research =

Identified Need

Applied Technology

Signature Research Areas

Aero-acoustics Aero-optics Fluid-structure Interactions Gas-turbine Propulsion Multi-phase Flows Sensors and Flow Control Actuators

FlowPAC: Professional Recognition

GE University Strategic Alliance (USA) member Honeywell Master Agreement GM Master Agreement Boeing R&D University (Pending) ~ 22 Faculty
8 fellows of one or more professional societies 3 associate fellows of professional societies 4 books

6 editors or associate editors of technical journals

FlowPAC: Performance Trajectory

6-year Growth Amount of Research Grants

Number of Graduate Students Number of Undergraduate Students

AY03 Graduate Students Undergraduate Students Post-docs Research Faculty Visiting Faculty New Funding (M$) 28 5 2 2 2 1.20

AY04 32 10 4 2 2 2.60

AY05 36 10 5 2 2 4.90

AY06 40 10 6 2 1 6.20

AY07 50 10 6 2 3 10.62

AY08 60 12 6 2 3 6.50

FlowPAC: Industry Partners

Consortium Members

Industry Partners

Boeing (R&D University) General Electric (USA Member) Honeywell (Master Agreement) Bell Helicopter/Textron Orbital Research

Small Business

Pratt & Whitney Northrop-Grumman General Motors Shell Oil Chrysler Philip Morris AgilOptics Spectral Energies Volpe Metro-laser Photon Aoptics Innovative Technology Applications Mach Zero Xinetics MZA Teledyne Scientific & Imaging

FlowPAC: Government Funding

13 U.S. Government Funding Agencies

Air Force

AFOSR
ARO ONR Navy DARPA NSF NASA-Glenn NASA-Langley Cal. Energy Comm DoT

DoE DoD Joint Technology Office

FlowPAC: Patents
Averaging ~ 5 patent applications/year

~75% are joint patents with companies

New patents awarded in AY08:
DBD Plasma Actuator Patent 7,380,756 B1
Plasma Anemometer Patent 7,275,013 B1

AY08 Highlights: White Field Lab

WHITE FIELD LABORATORY

10,000 sq-ft Offices for 5 Conference Room Model shop 3 Facilities: - Mach 0.6 Wind Tunnel - Transonic Compressor Facility - Transonic Turbine Facility

Hessert Laboratory

AY08 Highlights: Mach 0.6 Wind Tunnel

3-sq x 9 long test sections Large optical access Low turbulence Temperature controlled

1750 h.p. motor Variable r.p.m. a.c. 8 diam., 2-stage fan 1000 ton-hr ice-storage chilled water cooling

AY08 Highlights: Compressor Facility

400 h.p. 15,000 r.p.m. Design tip-Mach: 1.1 Magnetic levitation rotor bearings Rotor optical access

AY08 Highlights: Turbine Facility

800 h.p. compressor 500 h.p motor Design 300 h.p. turbine Magnetic levitation rotor bearings High-loading rotor design

Gas Turbine Research

Stall Detection and Control LPT Blade Flow Separation Control

Turbine Blade Tipcasing Flow Control Plasma Sensors Aggressive Interturbine Duct Control

Flow Control Optimized Engine IMPACT

Separation Control in LPT Cascade

PakB blade shape Plasma actuator at x/Cx=0.675 Simulates low Re effects on LPT at higher altitudes
Unsteady F+=0.9 200% reduction in loss coeff.

Actuated Blade

Reduced separation bubble

Tip Clearance Flow Control

LPT blade-tip flow control

Surface Flow Visualization

Baseline Flow

Casing g/cx

Plasma Tip; g/c=2%

Blade

PS

SS

7% reduction in loss coeff.

Tip Clearance Flow Control

LPT casing flow control

Surface Visualization

Baseline

Control

TG-vortex

24% reduction in loss coeff.

Loss Coeff.

Flow Vectoring
Flow
xs

=xs/R

Baseline

Normalized vector angle

Decreasing R

Plasma Actuator

Actuator Voltage

Plasma actuator more effective in vectoring flow as radius decreases.

IMPACT

Plasma Sensors

Suite of miniature, a.c.-driven plasma sensors to measure quantities that are important to gas-turbine engine performance, e.g.

Shear Stress Pressure Temperature Gas Species

Stall Onset

Rotating stall

Plasma Pressure Sensor

Plasma compressor stall sensor